Cars

toyota-tests-liquid-hydrogen-burning-corolla-in-another-24-hour-race

Toyota tests liquid hydrogen-burning Corolla in another 24-hour race

Akio Toyoda, Cars, hydrogen engine, hydrogen internal combustion, Toyota GR Corolla, Toyota GR Racing / /

yep, still at it —

The experience has taught it how to improve thermal efficiency, Toyota says.

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A Toyota GR Corolla race car

Enlarge / “It got more attention than last year, and the development feels steadier, faster, and safer,” said Toyota Chairman Akio Toyoda when asked how the hydrogen-powered Corolla had improved from 2023.

Toyota

A couple of weekends ago, when most of the world’s motorsport attention was focused on Monaco and Indianapolis, Toyota President Akio “Morizo” Toyoda was taking part in the Super Taikyu Fuji 24 Hours at Fuji Speedway in Japan. Automotive executives racing their own products is not exactly unheard of, but few instances have been quite as unexpected as competing in endurance races with a hydrogen-burning Corolla.

A hydrogen-powered Toyota has shown up for the past few years, in fact, as the company uses the race track to learn new things about thermal efficiency that it says have benefitted its latest generation of internal-combustion engines, which it debuted to the public at the end of May.

With backing from its government, the Japanese auto industry has continued to explore hydrogen as an alternative vehicle energy source instead of liquid hydrocarbons or batteries. Commercially, that’s been in the form of hydrogen fuel cells, although with very little success among drivers, even in areas that have some hydrogen fueling infrastructure.

But the hydrogen powertrain in the GR Corolla uses an internal combustion engine, not a fuel cell. The project first competed in the 24-hour race at Fuji in 2021, then again with a little more success in 2022.

For 2023, there was a significant change to the car, now fueled by liquid hydrogen, not gaseous. Instead of trying to fill tanks pressurized to 70 MPa (700 bar), now it just has to be cooled to minus-253° C (minus-423° F). Liquid hydrogen has almost twice the energy density—although still only a third as much as gasoline—and the logistics and equipment required to support cryogenic refueling at the racetrack were much less than with pressurized hydrogen.

The new (left) and old (right) liquid hydrogen tanks.

Enlarge / The new (left) and old (right) liquid hydrogen tanks.

Toyota

The liquid hydrogen is stored in a double-walled tank that was much easier to package within the compact interior of the GR Corolla than the four pressurized cylinders it replaced. This year, the tank is 50 percent larger (storing 15 kg of hydrogen) and elliptical, which proved quite an interesting technical challenge for supplier Shinko. The new tank required Toyota to rebuild the car to repackage everything, taking the opportunity to cut 50 kg (110 lbs) of weight in the process.

From the tank, a high-pressure pump injects the fuel into a vaporizer, where it becomes a gas again and then heads to the engine to be burned. Unfortunately, the pump wasn’t so durable in 2023 and had to be replaced twice during the race, costing hours in the process.

For 2024, a revised pump was designed to last the full 24 hours, although during testing, it proved to be the source of a fuel leak, wasting the team’s time while the problem was isolated. Luckily, this was much less severe than when, in 2023, a gaseous hydrogen pipe leak in the engine bay led to a fire at a test.

Sadly, the new fuel pump had intermittent problems actually pumping fuel during the race, most likely due to sloshing in the tank. Later on, an ABS module failure sidelined the car in the garage for five hours, and while the team was able to take the checkered flag, it had completed fewer laps in 2024 than in 2023.

But 24-hour racing is really hard, and the race wasn’t a write-off for Toyota. It achieved its goal of 30-lap stints between refueling, and while the new pump wasn’t problem-free throughout the race (nor had to run for the entire 24 hours), it didn’t need to be replaced once, let alone twice.

2 filter.” height=”654″ src=”https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/20240524_01_05-980×654.jpg” width=”980″>

Enlarge / For 2024, there was an automated system to clean the CO2 filter.

Toyota

I’m still scratching my head slightly about the carbon capture device that’s fitted to the car’s air filter. This adsorbs CO2 out of the air as the car drives, storing it in a small tank. It’s a nice gesture, I guess.

Since starting development of the hydrogen ICE engine, Toyota has found real gains in performance and efficiency, and the switch to liquid hydrogen has cut refueling times by 40 percent. All of those make it more viable as a carbon-free fuel, it says. But the chances of seeing production vehicles that get refueled with liquid hydrogen seem remote to me.

Even though Toyota still has optimism that one day it will be able to sell combustion cars that just emit water from their tailpipes, it’s pragmatic enough to know there needs to be some real-world payoff now beyond that the chairman likes racing and people like to keep him happy.

“Hydrogen engine development has really contributed to our deeper understanding of engine heat efficiency. It was a trigger that brought this technology” Toyota CTO Hiroki Nakajima told Automotive News at the debut of the automaker’s new 1.5 L and 2.0 L four-cylinder engines, which are designed to meet the European Union’s new Euro 7 emissions regulations, which go into effect in 2027.

Toyota tests liquid hydrogen-burning Corolla in another 24-hour race Read More »

china’s-plan-to-dominate-ev-sales-around-the-world

China’s plan to dominate EV sales around the world

BYD, Cars, china, EVs, syndication / /
China’s plan to dominate EV sales around the world

FT montage/Getty Images

The resurrection of a car plant in Brazil’s poor northeast stands as a symbol of China’s global advance—and the West’s retreat.

BYD, the Shenzhen-based conglomerate, has taken over an old Ford factory in Camaçari, which was abandoned by the American automaker nearly a century after Henry Ford first set up operations in Brazil.

When Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Brazil’s president, visited China last year, he met BYD’s billionaire founder and chair, Wang Chuanfu. After that meeting, BYD picked the country for its first carmaking hub outside of Asia.

Under a $1 billion-plus investment plan, BYD intends to start producing electric and hybrid automobiles this year at the site in Bahia state, which will also manufacture bus and truck chassis and process battery materials.

The new Brazil plant is no outlier—it falls into a wave of corporate Chinese investment in electric vehicle manufacturing supply chains in the world’s most important developing economies.

Financial Times

The inadvertent result of rising protectionism in the US and Europe could be to drive many emerging markets into China’s hands.

Last month, Joe Biden issued a new broadside against Beijing’s deep financial support of Chinese industry as he unveiled sweeping new tariffs on a range of cleantech products—most notably, a 100 percent tariff on electric vehicles. “It’s not competition. It’s cheating. And we’ve seen the damage here in America,” Biden said.

The measures were partly aimed at boosting Biden’s chances in his presidential battle with Donald Trump. But the tariffs, paired with rising restrictions on Chinese investment on American soil, will have an immense impact on the global auto market, in effect shutting China’s world-leading EV makers out of the world’s biggest economy.

The EU’s own anti-subsidy investigation into Chinese electric cars is expected to conclude next week as Brussels tries to protect European carmakers by stemming the flow of low-cost Chinese electric vehicles into the bloc.

Government officials, executives, and experts say that the series of new cleantech tariffs issued by Washington and Brussels are forcing China’s leading players to sharpen their focus on markets in the rest of the world.

This, they argue, will lead to Chinese dominance across the world’s most important emerging markets, including Southeast Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East and the remaining Western economies that are less protectionist than the US and Europe.

“That is the part that seems to be lost in this whole discussion of ‘can we raise some tariffs and slow down the Chinese advance.’ That’s only defending your homeland. That’s leaving everything else open,” says Bill Russo, the former head of Chrysler in Asia and founder of Automobility, a Shanghai consultancy.

“Those markets are in play and China is aggressively going after those markets.”

China’s plan to dominate EV sales around the world Read More »

the-2024-subaru-solterra-is-nimble-but-sorely-lacks-range,-personality

The 2024 Subaru Solterra is nimble but sorely lacks range, personality

car review, Cars, Subaru, Subaru Solterra, Toyota bZ4x / /

how about an electric Baja —

Slow charging and inefficient driving, Solterra is no electric WRX or Forester.

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A Subaru Solterra drives on a dirt road

Enlarge / With just 222 miles of range, you can’t venture far off-grid in the Subaru Solterra.

Subaru

Over the years, Subaru has generated a cult following in the US, making its name with all-wheel drive powertrains and a go-anywhere attitude. Cars like the rally-bred WRXes and STIs did a lot of work here, but lately, Subaru has seemed to go in the opposite direction, phasing out fun drives like the STI lineup in favor of volume-movers like the Ascent and bloated versions of existing models such as the Subaru Wilderness editions.

Its first electric vehicle is perhaps even less in character. The $44,995 Solterra is the result of an ongoing partnership with Toyota and was developed together with the bZ4X. Unlike the Toyota, there’s no single-motor option for the Solterra. It’s all-wheel-drive only, with a pair of identical 107 hp (80 kW) permanent magnet electric motors, one for each axle. That means you can do some, but not all, of the off-road things you’d expect to do with a Subaru.

Looks are deceiving

At first glance, the Solterra looks like the edgy, tech-leaning offspring of a Crosstrek and an Impreza wagon. The 8.3 inches of ground clearance is slightly less than the Outback or Forester, while the Solterra comes in at 184.6 inches (4,689 mm) in length, placing it squarely in the middle of the brand’s stable. It’s a rather compact SUV, even more so when you try to get comfortable in the cockpit. My short frame was cramped, and anyone taller than me won’t feel welcome on long drives.

The large multifunction steering wheel can obscure the small instrument display in front of the driver.

Enlarge / The large multifunction steering wheel can obscure the small instrument display in front of the driver.

Subaru

In what seems to be the norm with Subaru these days, the interior is full of plastic and cloth. Even on this top-line Touring trim test car, which comes in at just under $55,000, there’s a very cheap-looking dash with a plethora of rigid lines. Controls are close by, but the overall layout is borderline infuriating, with slow response times through the central infotainment system and a driver alert system that beeped and shrieked every 20 seconds for one reason or another. There were so many driver warnings and advisories popping up that I eventually tuned them out, which is probably not the intended effect.

Range Non-Rover

There’s about five miles (8 km) of charging difference between the 228-mile (367 km) Premium trim level and the Limited and Touring trims, which have an EPA range of 222 miles (357 km) on a single charge of the 72.8 kWh lithium-ion battery. In my 10 days with the car, the only time I eclipsed 200 miles (321 km) was leaving my driveway with the range reading 201. After about 10 minutes, it slumped back under 200 miles. In fairly normal city and highway conditions, I realized around 180 miles of range (290 km). When the weather called for air conditioning, I lost another 5–7 miles (8–11 km).

  • The Solterra is 184.6 inches (4,689 mm) long, 73.2 inches (1,859 mm) wide, 65 inches (1,651 mm) tall, with a 112.2-inch (2,850 mm) wheelbase. It has a curb weight of between 4,365 and 4,505 lbs (1,980–2,043 kg) depending on trim level.

    Subaru

  • The Toyota-developed infotainment system can be laggy.

    Subaru

  • The back seat has 35.5 inches (902 mm) of rear legroom.

    Subaru

  • There’s 27.7 cubic feet (783 L) of cargo volume with the rear seats in use and the cover in place.

    Subaru

  • Wireless device charging, as well as wireless Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, are available in the Limited and Touring trims.

    Subaru

Charging is slow, however. A stop to recharge from about 20 to 80 percent state of charge took the better part of 45 minutes. At launch, the Solterra was rated at an even longer 56 minutes to DC fast-charge to 80 percent, but for model year 2024, Subaru says that in ideal conditions, this should now be as quick as 35 minutes.

Charging at home was an overnight endeavor—nine hours on a level 2 charger. The Solterra currently features a CCS1 charge port, but in 2025, the company will adopt the J3400 standard, with adapters made available to existing customers so they can charge at Tesla Supercharger sites.

The 2024 Subaru Solterra is nimble but sorely lacks range, personality Read More »

nvidia-emails:-elon-musk-diverting-tesla-gpus-to-his-other-companies

Nvidia emails: Elon Musk diverting Tesla GPUs to his other companies

Cars, elon musk, NVIDIA, Nvidia H100, Tesla, Twitter, X, xAI / /

why not just make cars? —

The Tesla CEO is accused of diverting resources from the company again.

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A row of server racks

Enlarge / Tesla will have to rely on its Dojo supercomputer for a while longer after CEO Elon Musk diverted 12,000 Nvidia GPU clusters to X instead.

Tesla

Elon Musk is yet again being accused of diverting Tesla resources to his other companies. This time, it’s high-end H100 GPU clusters from Nvidia. CNBC’s Lora Kolodny reports that while Tesla ordered these pricey computers, emails from Nvidia staff show that Musk instead redirected 12,000 GPUs to be delivered to his social media company X.

It’s almost unheard of for a profitable automaker to pivot its business into another sector, but that appears to be the plan at Tesla as Musk continues to say that the electric car company is instead destined to be an AI and robotics firm instead.

Does Tesla make cars or AI?

That explains why Musk told investors in April that Tesla had spent $1 billion on GPUs in the first three months of this year, almost as much as it spent on R&D, despite being desperate for new models to add to what is now an old and very limited product lineup that is suffering rapidly declining sales in the US and China.

Despite increasing federal scrutiny here in the US, Tesla has reduced the price of its controversial “full-self driving” assist, and the automaker is said to be close to rolling out the feature in China. (Questions remain about how many Chinese Teslas would be able to utilize this feature given that a critical chip was left out of 1.2 million cars built there during the chip shortage.)

Perfecting this driver assist would be very valuable to Tesla, which offers FSD as a monthly subscription as an alternative to a one-off payment. The profit margins for subscription software services vastly outstrip the margins Tesla can make selling physical cars, which dropped to just 5.5 percent for Q1 2024. And Tesla says that massive GPU clusters are needed to develop FSD’s software.

Isn’t Tesla desperate for Nvidia GPUs?

Tesla has been developing its own in-house supercomputer for AI, called Dojo. But Musk has previously said that computer could be redundant if Tesla could source more H100s. “If they could deliver us enough GPUs, we might not need Dojo, but they can’t because they’ve got so many customers,” Musk said during a July 2023 investor day.

Which makes his decision to have his other companies jump all the more notable. In December, an internal Nvidia memo seen by CNBC said, “Elon prioritizing X H100 GPU cluster deployment at X versus Tesla by redirecting 12k of shipped H100 GPUs originally slated for Tesla to X instead. In exchange, original X orders of 12k H100 slated for Jan and June to be redirected to Tesla.”

X and the affiliated xAi are developing generative AI products like large language models.

Not the first time

This is not the first time that Musk has been accused of diverting resources (and his time) from publicly held Tesla to his other privately owned enterprises. In December 2022, US Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) wrote to Tesla asking Tesla to explain whether Musk was diverting Tesla resources to X (then called Twitter):

This use of Tesla employees raises obvious questions about whether Mr. Musk is appropriating resources from a publicly traded firm, Tesla, to benefit his own private company, Twitter. This, of course, would violate Mr. Musk’s legal duty of loyalty to Tesla and trigger questions about the Tesla Board’s responsibility to prevent such actions, and may also run afoul other “anti-tunneling rules that aim to prevent corporate insiders from extracting resources from their firms.”

Musk giving time meant (and compensated) for by Tesla to SpaceX, X, and his other ventures was also highlighted as a problem by the plaintiffs in a successful lawsuit to overturn a $56 billion stock compensation package.

And last summer, the US Department of Justice opened an investigation into whether Musk used Tesla resources to build a mansion for the CEO in Texas; the probe has since expanded to cover behavior stretching back to 2017.

These latest accusations of misuse of Tesla resources come at a time when Musk is asking shareholders to reapprove what is now a $46 billion stock compensation plan.

Nvidia emails: Elon Musk diverting Tesla GPUs to his other companies Read More »

think-evs-are-too-expensive?-here-are-11-for-under-$40k.

Think EVs are too expensive? Here are 11 for under $40K.

Cars, cheap electric car, cheap EV, Electric vehicle, electric vehicle adoption, EV adoption / /

or buy used —

The average new car costs more than $47,000—here are 17 EVs for less than that.

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A piggy bank inside a

Aurich Lawson | Getty Images

New cars have gotten pretty expensive, and it feels like electric cars are especially pricey. The average sale price of a new car has dropped a couple of thousand dollars since it peaked in early 2023, but at more than $47,400 in April, sticker shock is understandable, particularly as interest rates have doubled over the course of the past two years. Based on reader feedback, that impression is particularly pronounced when it comes to new electric vehicles. But EV prices have actually been falling, and inventory is growing. So we put together a list of all the new EVs on sale today for less than the average transaction price of a new car. You can buy 17 different EVs for less than the average price of a new car, and 11 are available for less than $40,000.

Nissan Leaf

The Leaf is the cheapest new EV on sale today.

Enlarge / The Leaf is the cheapest new EV on sale today.

Jonathan Gitlin

First on the list is the Nissan Leaf, which starts at just $28,140 for the version with a 40 kWh battery pack. Nissan was an early EV pioneer, and the current Leaf is the second generation to wear the name. But it hasn’t always been on the cutting edge, and some of the Leaf’s specs that felt a little outdated in 2017 may feel more so in 2024. The Leaf is eligible for a $3,750 IRS clean vehicle tax credit.

Mini SE

There's an old joke where I come from.

Enlarge / There’s an old joke where I come from. “How do you get to Wales in a Mini,” it asks, except instead of “to Wales” the country, the joke is “two whales,” and the answer is “one in the front, one in the back.” Such jokes are unlikely to be repeated about the new battery electric Mini Cooper SE, but if they are, the answer will probably be “slowly, because you have to stop and charge it a lot.”

Jonathan Gitlin

With new tariffs on Chinese-made EVs, no one is entirely sure when the next electric Mini Cooper will go on sale in the US. But right now, you can buy the current Mini Cooper SE for a starting price of $30,900. Although the suspension can feel stiffer than a supercar’s, if you live in a city and don’t need mega-miles of range, the Mini fits the bill quite effectively and is much more of a hoot to drive (and much cheaper) than the John Cooper Works GP mini.

Fiat 500e

Fiat thinks the 500e makes the perfect second car.

Enlarge / Fiat thinks the 500e makes the perfect second car.

Stephen Edelstein

The $32,500 electric Fiat 500e is one of the newest cars on our list; we only drove it for the first time in early April. It has more range than a Mini, and it charges faster, too.

Think EVs are too expensive? Here are 11 for under $40K. Read More »

the-refreshed-2024-hyundai-elantra-n-remains-a-darn-good-enthusiast-car

The refreshed 2024 Hyundai Elantra N remains a darn good enthusiast car

car review, Cars, Hyundai Elantra N / /
A blue Hyundai Elantra N

Enlarge / The regular Hyundai Elantra is a perfectly fine compact sedan. But once the boffins at Hyundai N got hold of it, they transformed it into something with a lot more character.

Peter Nelson

Few cars are aimed quite at driving enthusiasts like the wholesome sport compact. In terms of everyday usability and fun factor, little can touch them, and luckily, there’s still a good variety of them on the new market. Among the best is the Hyundai Elantra N, which, for the 2024 model year, received a styling and chassis refresh. Pricing starts at $33,245 for three pedals and a manual gearbox, or $35,515 for a dual-clutch eight-speed, and either is a massive value for the performance and fun factor that they offer.

Amply sporty styling, plenty spacious

The 2024 Elantra N’s biggest change is in its face. Where previously it had beady eyes surrounded in a sea of black trim—kind of like the vehicular equivalent of a Belgian Malinois—its headlight, grille, and intake are now more geometric. Looks are subjective, but I’m a fan of the headlights, and the functional inlets improve radiator and brake cooling over the previous fascia.

Elsewhere, it’s pretty much the same angular four-door wearing some trapezoidal accents across its body panels and a pronounced rear spoiler. A new set of forged 19-inch wheels is wrapped in 245/35/19 Michelin Pilot Sport 4S tires—these also shave off 8.25 lbs (3.75 kg) of unsprung weight at each corner, which bodes well for acceleration and handling.

  • The Elantra N is easy to distinguish via its bodykit and rear wing.

    Peter Nelson

  • Hyundai

  • The Elantra N’s seats hold you in place.

    Peter Nelson

  • There’s a grab handle for the passenger.

    Peter Nelson

  • the turbocharged four-cylinder engine has character.

    Peter Nelson

Inside, the Elantra N is spacious, offering great head- and legroom for tall folks up front and much of the same in the back. The front seats are some of the best on the market, offering excellent firmness and very assuring bolsters to keep you held in place when cornering. The steering wheel’s rim is thick and confidence-inspiring, though I wish I could have telescoped it closer to my torso.

Materials quality is good for its price, with substantial soft-touch surfaces where it matters, and the various switchgear and controls are laid out in a very clean manner—as is its infotainment system, which is lag-free. Conveniently, there’s a grab handle carved into the center console for the front-seat passenger. Finally, the N’s spacious interior translates to good overall visibility from a sporty driving position; you don’t sit up high but rather down in it, as any good sport compact ought to be.

The refreshed 2024 Hyundai Elantra N remains a darn good enthusiast car Read More »

turn-almost-any-bike-into-an-e-bike-with-the-clip

Turn almost any bike into an e-bike with the Clip

Cars, Clip, e-bikes, friction drive / /

Easy e-bike —

Dead simple to use, the Clip offers up to 12 miles of electric range for your bike.

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Clip attached to a mountain bike

Enlarge / The Clip attached to a late-90s vintage mountain bike.

Eric Bangeman

Shortly after World War II, a French manufacturer by the name of Solex started selling mopeds. These were not your “typical” moped that looks kind of like a motorcycle with pedals—the mopeds made by Solex were essentially bicycles with a small, two-stroke engine mounted over the front wheel that could propel the rider around 100 km on a single liter of gas mixture. The downside: Solex mopeds were loud and cumbersome to ride due to the weight distribution, and they never really caught on in North America.

Clip, a startup based in Brooklyn, New York, has come up with its own twist on the Solex. Its only product, the eponymously named Clip, is a friction drive unit that attaches to the front fork of any bicycle, turning it into an e-bike. At $499 for the Commuter model and $599 for the Explorer, it is a relatively inexpensive way to turn just about any bicycle into an e-bike for a fraction of the cost of a new one.

The Clip mounts to the front fork just below the brake caliper.

Enlarge / The Clip mounts to the front fork just below the brake caliper.

Eric Bangeman

Weighing in at 8.8 lb (4 kg) for the Commuter model (the Explorer is a pound heavier), the Clip is at its essence a portable friction-drive. There’s a detachable controller that mounts on the handlebar and the unit itself. The Explorer model, the one we reviewed, has a 192 Wh battery that takes an hour to fully charge. Its range is pegged at “up to 12 miles,” a claim that is pretty accurate based on our testing, and the top speed is 15 mph. The Commuter model offers half the battery capacity, charge time, and range.

Twelve miles may not seem like a lot, especially in contrast to e-bikes with ranges that exceed 70 miles. But the Clip isn’t designed for long, leisurely rides. It’s a tool for folks who want to resuscitate old bikes that might be gathering dust in the garage. In my case, that bike is a 1997 Gary Fisher Marlin mountain bike that is now only ridden once or twice a year.

Clipping the Clip to your bike

The Clip arrived in a box with a single sheet of instructions glued to the inside with a pair of QR codes. One leads to the product manual, but the other one has a surprising function: scheduling a one-on-one orientation session with Clip, which is unusual and fantastic at the same time. Mine took about 20 minutes.

The Clip remote. Hold the red button down to go; the white button below will regenerate the battery.

Enlarge / The Clip remote. Hold the red button down to go; the white button below will regenerate the battery.

Eric Bangeman

In theory, attaching the Clip to a bike is simple, and it is fairly easy once you get the hang of it. First, remove the remote from the Clip, which attaches to the bicycle’s handlebar with a clever rubber loop. Next, grab one side of the Clip, slide the button on the handle, and push the handle forward. Then align the top edge so that it sits just below the brake caliper and pull down on the handle of the Clip. If you’ve done it right, you’ll hear a satisfying click, and the white LED battery charge indicators on the Clip will light up. The wheel of the Clip should now be resting on the front wheel of the bike, so congratulations—you now have an e-bike.

The view from the top.

Enlarge / The view from the top.

Eric Bangeman

Operation is dead simple. Press and hold the red button to activate the friction drive. Press and hold the white button for some regenerative braking action. The lack of displays and apps means we have to take Clip’s word that the regen function can restore 12 to 18 percent of the device’s range. In practice, it acts as a low-key brake as it sends charge back to the battery.

Immediately after mounting, I found that I had to pedal for a second or two before a button press would register with the Clip. After that, it worked like a charm. Positioning the remote close to the grip worked the best, and I gradually got used to holding the button while pedaling. Remembering to switch to the regen button while slowing down was a bit harder.

The extra 10 pounds of gear attached to the front wheel messes with the weight distribution, leading to one or two “whoa” moments my first time riding with it attached. But I figured out how to handle the bike and its new center of gravity fairly quickly. If you’re feeling lazy, you don’t need to pedal at all, and the Clip will eventually get you moving around 15 mph. Start pedaling, and you’ll feel the Clip adding to your effort—unless the road is wet. The Clip works best on dry roads; leave it at home if it’s raining.

At the end of the ride, unmount the Clip and take it with you.

Enlarge / At the end of the ride, unmount the Clip and take it with you.

Clip

Once you’ve reached your destination, grab the handle, pull it back toward you, and remove the Clip from the bike. Drop the remote back into its spot, and carry the Clip with you.

There are loads of e-bike conversion kits to choose from, but I have a hard time imagining something easier to install and use. And that’s what makes the Clip such a good product—there’s no messing with tools, installing motors, and mounting batteries. The Clip literally clips to your bike and electrifies it. I wouldn’t use it for a trip to the grocery store because I wouldn’t want to lug the Clip up and down the aisles. But for quick trips or short commutes, it’s a fantastic way to give new life to an old bike.

Turn almost any bike into an e-bike with the Clip Read More »

jeep’s-first-ev-is-the-600-horsepower,-300-mile-range-wagoneer-s

Jeep’s first EV is the 600 horsepower, 300-mile-range Wagoneer S

Cars, Jeep Wagoneer, Jeep Wagoneer S, Stellantis, STLA / /

four screens —

Jeep invented the luxury SUV in 1963. Now it’s made an electric one.

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A silver Jeep Wagoneer S drives on a rainy city street

Enlarge / Jeep is ready to join the electric SUV fray with the new Wagoneer S, which goes on sale later this year.

Jeep

The Jeep brand has finally debuted its first purpose-built electric vehicle. It’s targeting the hotly contested SUV segment with the new Wagoneer S, which goes on sale this fall. But other than its name, it shares little with the gasoline-powered Wagoneer; the Wagoneer S uses the same EV architecture—called STLA Large—as the forthcoming electric Dodge Charger.

It looks like Jeep is using a similar playbook to Dodge and Ram as it introduces its electric models: Give them the same name and styling as a familiar bestseller to keep customers comfortable, then give them serious power output and some headline-grabbing numbers to generate a halo effect.

Powerful

That’s why the Jeep Wagoneer S Launch Edition will offer 600 hp (447 kW), 617 lb-ft (837 Nm), and a 0–60 mph (0-98 km/h) time of 3.4 seconds. It’s powered by a 100.5 kWh battery pack with nickel manganese cobalt chemistry operating at 400 V.

Jeep said that’s sufficient for at least 300 miles (482 km) of range on a single charge, which is far from the 4.3 miles/kWh (6.9 kWh/100 km) that parent company Stellantis said it was targeting for US-bound EVs when it originally announced the STLA Large platform. Despite the size of the pack, it should fast-charge quite rapidly, going from 5–80 percent state of charge in just 28 minutes (20–80 percent takes 23 minutes, we’re told).

Don't expect to get access to the Tesla Supercharger network.

Enlarge / Don’t expect to get access to the Tesla Supercharger network.

Jeep

Native J3400 ports won’t show up until model-year 2026, so it’s CCS1 for the time being. When Stellantis announced it was adopting the Tesla-style J3400 port, it made no mention of having negotiated access to the Tesla Supercharger network, and the Wagoneer S reveal is similarly silent on the matter.

Each Wagoneer S axle is driven by a permanently excited electric motor rated at up to 335 hp (250 kW), and the front drive unit can be disconnected by a clutch for better efficiency. Befitting an SUV wearing the Jeep name, it features a range of on- and off-road drive modes.

According to the spec sheet, this is the most aerodynamic vehicle ever to wear the Jeep badge, albeit with a drag coefficient of 0.29 that’s merely average when compared to other electric SUVs.

Not cheap

If you were expecting a bare-bones cheap Jeep EV, you’ll have to keep waiting. Jeep invented the entire concept of a luxury SUV with the original Wagoneer in 1963, and it says this new Wagoneer S evolves the brand “with a new embrace of technology, luxury, and innovation.”

  • The Wagoneer S is 192.4 inches (4,886 mm) long, 74.8 inches (1,900 mm) wide, and 64.8 inches (1,645 mm) tall, with a 113-inch (2,870 mm) wheelbase. It’s quite heavy, with a curb weight of 5,667 lbs (2,571 kg).

    Jeep

  • 2024 Jeep® Wagoneer S Launch Edition Radar Red Interior.

    Jeep

  • The launch edition of the Wagoneer S doesn’t lack for power.

    Jeep

  • The Wagoneer S has user-customizable interior LED lighting.

    Jeep

The Launch Edition—which starts at $71,995 and is eligible for the full $7,500 IRS clean vehicle tax credit—comes with a lot of equipment standard, including heated and ventilated seats in the front and back, a 19-speaker McIntosh sound system, and a bevy of screens that include the main instrument display, the main infotainment screen, an infotainment screen for the front passenger, and a fourth screen for the climate controls.

But in keeping with the increased social responsibility that comes with building EVs, the interior uses synthetic leather instead of cow hides, and the headliner and carpets are made from recycled materials.

“The launch of the all-electric Jeep Wagoneer S marks a new chapter in the storied history of the Jeep brand,” said Jeep CEO Antonio Filosa. “Building upon nearly a century of innovation and design, this first global EV will introduce a whole new generation of owners to an experience that is distinctly Jeep and 100 percent electric in every way. With new energy in the Jeep vehicle lineup, ranging from EV to V8, customers have never had more freedom to choose their own adventure.”

Trailhawk concept

Since the Jeep name is synonymous with off-road activity, the company also showed off a Trailhawk concept of the Wagoneer S. This “showcases what the all-electric Jeep Wagoneer S lineup is truly capable of, whether cornering tight turns with ease or traversing new ground off the beaten path,” Filosa said.

  • Jeep also showed off this Trailhawk concept based on the Wagoneer S.

    Jeep

  • The interior was probably designed with dudes who collect axes and morale patches in mind.

    Jeep

There’s lifted suspension for better ground clearance and a more aggressive off-road look, with body cladding protecting the Jeep’s lower extremities. The interior features a grab bar for the front passenger to hold onto while the EV negotiates steep angles, or for you to mount gear onto. There’s also a meteorite-inspired stone veneer on the dash and an octagonal steering wheel with “tactical-inspired grip section[s]” at the 9 and 3 positions.

Jeep’s first EV is the 600 horsepower, 300-mile-range Wagoneer S Read More »

driverless-racing-is-real,-terrible,-and-strangely-exciting

Driverless racing is real, terrible, and strangely exciting

A2RL, Abu Dhabi, auto racing, autonomous cars, Autonomous Driving, Cars, Features / /

people showed up to watch —

The Abu Dhabi Autonomous Racing League proves it’s possible, just very hard.

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Several brightly colored race cars are parked at a race course

Enlarge / No one’s entirely sure if driverless racing will be any good to watch, but before we find that out, people have to actually develop driverless race cars. A2RL in Abu Dhabi is the latest step down that path.

A2RL

ABU DHABI—We live in a weird time for autonomous vehicles. Ambitions come and go, but genuinely autonomous cars are further off than solid-state vehicle batteries. Part of the problem with developing autonomous cars is that teaching road cars to take risks is unacceptable.

A race track, though, is a decent place to potentially crash a car. You can take risks there, with every brutal crunch becoming a learning exercise. (You’d be hard-pressed to find a top racing driver without a few wrecks smoldering in their junior career records.)

That’s why 10,000 people descended on the Yas Marina race track in Abu Dhabi to watch the first four-car driverless race.

Test lab

The organizers of the Abu Dhabi Autonomous Racing League (A2RL) event didn’t brief me on what to expect, so I wasn’t sure if we would see much car movement. Not because the project was likely to fail—it certainly had a lot of hardware and software engineering behind it, not to mention plenty of money. But creating a high-speed, high-maneuverability vehicle that makes its own choices is an immense challenge.

Just running a Super Formula car—the chassis modified for the series—is a big task for any race team, even with an expert driver in the cockpit. I was ready to be impressed if teams got out of the pit lane without the engine stalling.

But the cars did run. Lap times weren’t close to those of a human driver or competitive across the field, but the cars did repeatedly negotiate the track. Not every car was able to do quick laps, but the ones that did looked like actual race cars being driven on a race track. Even the size of the crashes showed that the teams were finding the confidence to begin pushing limits.

Each of these Dallara Super Formula cars has been modified by its team to operate without a human driver onboard or in control.

Enlarge / Each of these Dallara Super Formula cars has been modified by its team to operate without a human driver onboard or in control.

A2RL

Is it the future of motorsport? Probably not. But it was an interesting test lab. After a year of development, six weeks of code-jam crunch, 14 days of practice, and one event, teams are going home with suitcases full of data and lessons they can use next year.

The track and the cars

A2RL is one of three competitions being run by Aspire, the “technology transition pillar” of Abu Dhabi’s Advanced Technology Research Council.

Yas is an artificial island built as a leisure attraction, housing theme parks and hotels alongside the circuit, with an influencer photo opportunity around every corner. The island was the focus of the Emirate restyling itself for tourism, and its facilities now play secondary host to another image makeover as a technology hub. An F1 track is now finding a second use as a testing lab, and it’s probably the only track in the region that could afford the kind of excess that two weeks of round-the-clock, floodlit, robotic testing represents.

Although the early ambition was to use Formula 1 cars to reflect Yas Marina’s purpose as a circuit, the cost compared to a Super Formula car was absurd. Plus, it would have required eight identical F1 chassis. Even in the days of unrestricted F1 budgets, few teams could afford that many chassis in a season.

So Aspire’s Technology Innovation Institute (TII) went to the manufacturer Dallara, which supplies almost every high-level single-seater chassis, including parts of some F1 cars, but also every IndyCar, Super Formula, Formula E, Formula 2, and Formula 3 car, plus a whole array of endurance prototypes. Dallara was also involved in the 2021 Indy Autonomous Challenge via the IndyNXT chassis.

TII in Abu Dhabi was also involved in the Indy Autonomous Challenge as part of a university’s team, so it got to see how the cars had been rapidly adapted to accommodate a robotic “driver.”

  • The computer that controls the driving and interprets the sensor stack, situated in the cockpit—almost like a human driver.

    Hazel Southwell

  • The Meccanica42 actuators that operate throttle, brake, and steering onboard the adjusted SF23 chassis.

    Hazel Southwell

  • L-R: The robotic array that sits lower in the car’s cockpit for the actuators to operate the car, and the computer that sits above it for maximum ventilation.

    Hazel Southwell

  • A look at one of the car’s sensor pods.

    A2RL

Driverless racing is real, terrible, and strangely exciting Read More »

the-2024-chevrolet-equinox-ev-shows-gm-can-make-a-car-for-the-masses

The 2024 Chevrolet Equinox EV shows GM can make a car for the masses

Cars, Chevrolet Equinox EV, Ultium / /

it’s a commuter car —

GM’s latest Ultium-based EV is ready for the road.

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A blue Chevrolet Equinox EV on the street

Enlarge / Until the Bolt returns, this is Chevrolet’s entry-level electric car, the Equinox EV.

Michael Teo Van Runkle

A new entry-level EV from General Motors hits the market this year bearing the name Equinox, but other than nomenclature, this Chevy is not at all related to the current internal-combustion compact crossover. Instead, the new Equinox EV rides on the smallest iteration of GM’s Ultium platform until the Bolt reboots with a new (lithium iron phosphate) Ultium battery pack.

The Equinox EV shares its chassis with the forthcoming Cadillac Optiq but aims instead to hit the market as cheaply as possible and significantly undercut Tesla’s Model Y. Deliveries will start later this year with the LT trim level, which has a starting MSRP of $34,995. Eager to prove what it no doubt hopes will be the new cash-cow EV’s bona fides, Chevrolet invited media to Detroit to drive a fleet of Equinoxes in various trim levels.

On paper, the Equinox’s stats look fairly solid. A smallish 85 kWh battery is sufficient for an EPA range estimate of 319 miles (513 km) for the front-wheel-drive base model. Output for the single motor clocks in at a respectable 213 hp (159 kW) and 236 lb-ft (320 Nm) of torque. Perhaps the only downside appears to be a max DC fast-charging rate of 150 kW, though thanks to the battery’s overall capacity, the Equinox should still add 77 miles (124 km) of range in about 10 minutes.

  • Chevrolet brought along both RS (pictured) and LT trims of the Equinox EV.

    Michael Teo Van Runkle

  • The shape shares little with the gasoline-powered Equinox.

    Michael Teo Van Runkle

  • The Equinox EV is 191 inches (4,851 mm) long, 77 inches (1.956 mm) wide, and 65 inches (1,651 mm) tall.

    Michael Teo Van Runkle

  • The 3RS can be specced with a rather bold interior.

    Chevrolet

  • A look at the back seat. This stormtrooper-spec interior is available with the 3LT.

    Chevrolet

  • There’s 26.4 cubic feet (748 L) of storage space with the rear seats in use, or 57.2 cubic feet (1,620 L) with the rear seats folded flat.

    Chevrolet

What’s the single-motor version like on the road?

From behind the wheel, I expected the FWD Equinox’s less-than-overwhelming power figures to result in sluggish acceleration. Luckily, instantaneously available grunt can produce just enough pep to cause a bit of torque steer, and I kept up with traffic without concern. Harder pulls above 45 mph (72 km/h) seem blunted, though—perhaps to maximize range.

In typical Ultium fashion, the steering can be best described as vague-ish, which Chevy’s increasingly thick-rimmed steering wheels don’t exactly help. But the Equinox never tries to play at sports car ambitions. And on Detroit’s battered roadways, the suspension runs the full gamut from smooth to stiff, depending on speed and driving style.

Keep things easy, and the Equinox treads lightly. Push harder or shift the battery pack’s mass aggressively over two wheels (via acceleration, braking, or cornering) and the dampers appear to struggle a bit. Jumping between test vehicles all day, I noticed a difference between the 19-inch and optional 21-inch wheel-and-tire combos. Making the right choice will come down to desired performance and, really, what region customers live in and how the local roads fare.

This is not a car to hustle through the turns.

Enlarge / This is not a car to hustle through the turns.

Michael Teo Van Runkle

Real-world range matters most in a commuter car, and the Equinox performed admirably, if not as well as the Silverado fleet also on hand in Detroit. For one vehicle I tracked, I used 86 miles (138 km) of claimed range to drive 78 miles (126 km), with the air conditioning blasting on a hot day in a black car, and mostly at highway speeds, where larger EVs with upright profiles—and therefore a larger frontal area—tend to struggle.

The 2024 Chevrolet Equinox EV shows GM can make a car for the masses Read More »

the-2024-ford-mustang-mach-e-rally-proves-sideways-is-the-best-way

The 2024 Ford Mustang Mach-E Rally proves sideways is the best way

car review, Cars, First drive, Ford Mustang Mach-E, Ford Mustang Mach-E Rally, Rallycross, Rallying / /
The front of a Ford Mustang Mach-E Rally showing fog lights built into the front fascia

Enlarge / The Mustang Mach-E Rally is the latest version of Ford’s electric crossover. It features plenty of power and a new drive mode, as well as plenty of rally-inspired accoutrements.

Tim Stevens

Mildly off-road-ready performance variants are extremely trendy right now, and it’s easy to turn your nose up at them. But when cars like the 911 Dakar or Huracan Sterrato actually improve the day-to-day drivability and comfort of the road-focused machines upon which they’re lifted, you have to respect them.

Me? I’m a die-hard rally fan and someone who’d rather drive sideways than straight. It’s no surprise that I love these special editions, from their top-boxes down to their all-terrain tires. But I also love electric vehicles, and while there are plenty of electrified crossovers and SUVs out there, it’s slim pickings if you want something rally-ready.

Today, that changes.

Meet the Ford Mustang Mach-E Rally, a car with a name so clear you can’t ignore the purpose. It takes the $53,995 2024 Mach-E GT and gives it a few key upgrades, all in the name of providing better performance for low-grip motorsport—or at least the appearance thereof. But is this package more show than go?

  • Ford has integrated fog lights into the front fascia panel.

    Tim Stevens

  • The white alloy wheels are meant to remind you of the Compomotive wheels that Ford’s rally cars used.

    Tim Stevens

  • The Mach-E Rally’s rear wing probably does nothing to help range, but it looks very cool.

    Tim Stevens

  • Ford missed a trick by not giving the Mach-E Rally a suede or Alcantara wheel rim. At the very least we would expect a rally special to have a strip at 12 o’clock on the wheel rim.

    Tim Stevens

  • The rear seat backs are a little different.

    Tim Stevens

  • Here’s why: It adds more shoulder bolstering.

  • The stripes have a triangular pattern on them that’s also replicated on some interior trim.

    Tim Stevens

  • The Mach-E Rally is just as practical as all the other Mach-E variants.

    Tim Stevens

It starts with a standard Mach-E GT, which, for the 2024 model year, gets some significant updates in its own right. A new rear motor, lifted from the Ford Lightning, gives both the GT and Rally 480 hp (358 kW) and 700 lb-ft (950 Nm) of torque. That’s up from 634 lb-ft (860 Nm) before.

This Mach-E stands out from the crowd

A revised battery pack offers 265 miles (426 km) of range in the Rally, down slightly from the GT’s 280 miles (451 km), which is itself a 40-mile (64 km) penalty from the maximum range of 320 miles (515 km) you can now get in a 2024 RWD Extended Range Mach-E Premium. The new GT also gets slightly updated headlights, and the Brembo brakes and sport seats that were formerly an option now come standard.

Tick the “Rally” box, and you get several other goodies—most notably a revised suspension. It’s still the Mach-E’s adaptive MagneRide dampers but now outfitted with new “rallycross-tuned” springs delivering a 1-inch (25 mm) lift. That suspension is designed to keep the new 19-inch wheels on the ground.

Ford calls them “rally-style” wheels, but fans will spot them as an ode to the classic Compomotive TH seen on many iconic gravel machines of the ’80s and ’90s. Someone at Ford has a good eye for classic rally style.

This could be the ideal EV if you live near a bunch of forestry roads.

Enlarge / This could be the ideal EV if you live near a bunch of forestry roads.

Ford

The wheels look good and should keep the worst of the gravel from dinging up your brake hardware, but more significant is what they’re wrapped in. The Rally has Michelin CrossClimate2 tires on all four corners, an interesting proposition that promises good grip in all conditions yet low rolling resistance for EV use. Their chunky, V-shaped tread is not what you’d typically expect on an electric car, but they further seal the Rally’s all-terrain look.

Under the nose, there’s a slender bit of aluminum, a faux skid plate of sorts that I don’t think will protect much. Up higher, the Rally nose has a different grille insert with a pair of inset fog lights, while out back, a chunky, ornate wing hangs off the top of the rear hatch. The requisite custom graphics are here, including classy stripes running up the hood and tacky “Rally” graphics smeared across the doors. The more important appliqué, however, is invisible: Ford put paint-protecting film along the lower portions of the car to again fend off the worst of the gravel damage.

The 2024 Ford Mustang Mach-E Rally proves sideways is the best way Read More »

used-teslas-are-getting-very-cheap,-but-buying-one-can-be-risky

Used Teslas are getting very cheap, but buying one can be risky

Cars, Evergreen, Hertz, tesla model 3, Tesla Model Y, used ev prices, used EV tax credit, used tesla / /

how many miles? —

As used Teslas drop in price, are they a bargain or buyer beware?

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A white Tesla Model 3 in slightly used condition

Enlarge / Used Tesla Model 3s can be had for less than $20,000 now.

Getty Images

The launch of a new electric vehicle these days is invariably met with a chorus of “this car is too expensive”—and rightfully so. But for used EVs, it’s quite another story, particularly used Teslas, thanks to a glut of former fleet and rental cars that are now ready for their second owner.

“Due to a variety of reasons, Tesla resale values have plummeted, making many Tesla models very affordable now. Plus, for some consumers, an additional $4,000 Federal tax credit on used EVs may apply, sweetening the deal even further. Buying a used Tesla can be a great deal for the savvy shopper, but there are significant things to look out for,” says Ed Kim, president and chief analyst at AutoPacific.

Indeed, a quick search on the topic easily reveals some horror stories of ex-rental Teslas, so here are some things to consider if you’re in search of a cheap Model 3 or Model Y.

For more than a year, Tesla has been engaged in an EV price war, mostly driven by its attempt to maintain sales in China. Heavily cutting the price of your new cars is a good way to devalue the used ones, and Hertz’s decision to sell at least 20,000 of its Teslas was in part a response to the lower residual values.

What to watch for

“The prices are very appealing, but shoppers must keep in mind that rental cars can and do get abused, and some of these ex-rental units may have nasty surprises stemming from their hard lives. Be sure to have yours checked out thoroughly by a mechanic before buying,” Kim says.

Mismatched tires and minor dents, scrapes, and rock chips are fairly common minor issues. Many of the Teslas that Hertz is selling have been used as Ubers—you can tell it’s one of these if the odometer is approaching 100,000 miles. Battery degradation could be an issue, although most cars will not have lost more than 4–5 percent capacity, and Long Range Teslas should have a powertrain warranty for up to 120,000 miles (or eight years).

“One side effect of Tesla’s widespread and reliable DC fast charging network is that many owners end up relying on it to keep their cars charged rather than dealing with the often considerable expense of installing a home charger and associated home electrical upgrades,” Kim told Ars. As such, you should make sure to check the battery’s health (which can be done on the touchscreen or as part of the inspection) before you buy.

Rental cars can suffer from an excess of slammed doors and trunks—slamming the latter can mess up the powered strut. In the interior, you should expect high signs of wear on some touchpoints, especially the steering wheel and the rear door cards, which can bubble or flake, particularly if the Tesla was used as a ridehailing vehicle.

Other potential headaches

Teslas are very connected cars, and many of their convenience features are accessed via smartphone apps. But that requires that Tesla’s database shows you as the car’s owner, and there are plenty of reports online that transferring ownership from Hertz can take time.

Unfortunately, this also leaves the car stuck in Chill driving mode (which restricts power, acceleration, and top speed) and places some car settings outside of the new owner’s level of access. You also won’t be able to use Tesla Superchargers while the car still shows up as belonging to Hertz. Based on forum reports, contacting Tesla directly is the way to resolve this, but it can take several days to process; longer if there’s a paperwork mismatch.

Once you’ve transferred ownership to Tesla’s satisfaction, it’s time to do a software reset on the car to remove the fleet version.

Not every car will qualify for the $4,000 IRS used clean vehicle tax credit. It has to be at least two model years older than the calendar year in which it is bought used, so only MY2022 and earlier EVs are currently eligible, and it can’t be offered for sale for more than $25,000. The income caps are also half as much as the new clean vehicle tax credit, meaning a single-filing individual can’t earn more than $75,000 a year to qualify.

There are plenty of complaints among the Tesla community that Hertz wasn’t set up to deal with the tax credit, although more recent buyers have reported this has gotten a lot smoother. It’s worth planning ahead and contacting the specific sales branch you plan to buy the Tesla from to make sure they are able to process that paperwork, particularly if you are expecting the credit to be applied to the car’s price at the point of sale rather than waiting until you file your taxes next year.

Buying an ex-rental or ex-fleet Tesla from an independent dealer is also an option. Lots of used car lots have bought Teslas at auction from Hertz and elsewhere, and online anecdotes suggest this is often a more painless experience, particularly when transferring ownership and registering the new owner with Tesla. Then again, you’re more likely to encounter useless third-party warranties and the like if you go this route.

Ex-rental or fleet cars may have had a hard life, but they are also usually maintained far more regularly than most privately owned vehicles. As long as you make sure you aren’t buying a lemon, it’s a good way to get an EV for less than $20,000.

Used Teslas are getting very cheap, but buying one can be risky Read More »