Cars

gazelle’s-arroyo-offers-a-belt-drive,-continuous-variable-transmission

Gazelle’s Arroyo offers a belt drive, continuous variable transmission

A little while back, we took a look at a large cargo bike from Urban Arrow that had some interesting features: a drive train that sported continuous variable gearing and a belt drive. But it was difficult to get a feel for what using that drivetrain was like when it was being used to shift a large and extremely heavy cargo bike. So, I jumped at the opportunity when Urban Arrow’s sister company, Gazelle, offered a chance to ride one of its new Arroyo models, which feature the same drivetrain, but this time coupled to a fairly standard commuter bike.

Getting rid of all the weight and bulk really allowed the drive system to shine. And, as with its cargo-carrying cousin, the bike is filled with thoughtful touches and design decisions that make riding it a pleasure. But all that comes at a cost: This is a premium bike with little in the way of compromises, and it’s priced accordingly.

High-end hardware

The Arroyo line is meant for commuters and urban/suburban riding. It has a step-through frame, a large rack, fenders, and its riding stance is very upright. In keeping with its Dutch heritage, it’s meant to be ridden as a bicycle, rather than a bike-like scooter. There’s no throttle to let you avoid pedaling, and even when it’s set to its maximum assist rating, you’ll end up putting in a reasonable amount of effort during the ride. If you’re looking for something that lets you handle a commute in hot weather without sweating, you’ll probably want to look elsewhere.

Gazelle offers three versions of the Arroyo, with the low end having a traditional chain drive and a lower-powered electric assist for $3,000. We looked at the top-of-the-range C380 Elite, which tacks an extra $1,500 onto the price but gets you a more powerful Bosch motor (75 Nm of torque), a better display, and the belt drive. The motor itself is a mid-drive with a torque sensor, a configuration that tends to provide the best performance.

Gazelle’s Arroyo offers a belt drive, continuous variable transmission Read More »

fewer-evs-need-fewer-batteries:-ford-and-sk-on-end-their-joint-venture

Fewer EVs need fewer batteries: Ford and SK On end their joint venture

Cast your mind back to 2021. Electric vehicles were hot stuff, buoyed by Tesla’s increasingly stratospheric valuation and a general optimism fueled by what would turn out to be the most significant climate-focused spending package in US history. For some time, automakers had been promising an all-electric future, and they started laying the groundwork to make that happen, partnering with battery suppliers and the like.

Take Ford—that year, it announced a joint venture with SK to build a pair of battery factories, one in Kentucky, the other in Tennessee. BlueOvalSK represented an $11.4 billion investment that would create 11,000 jobs, we were told, and an annual output of 60 GWh from both plants.

Four years later, things look very different. EV subsidies are dead, as is any inclination by the current government to hold automakers accountable for selling too many gas guzzlers. EV-heavy product plans have been thrown out, and designs for new combustion-powered cars are being dusted off and spiffed up. Fewer EVs means a lower need for batteries, and today we saw that in evidence when it emerged that Ford and SK On are ending their battery factory joint venture.

The news has not exactly shocked industry-watchers. Ford started to throttle back on the EV hype in 2024, throwing out not one but two EV strategies by that August. Disappointing F-150 Lightning sales saw Ford postpone a fully electric replacement (which is supposed to be built in Tennessee) in favor of a smaller midsize electric truck—supposedly much cheaper to build—due in 2027.

Divorce

As for the two plants, a Ford subsidiary will assume full ownership of Blue Oval City in Kentucky, with SK On taking full ownership of the plant in Tennessee. According to Reuters, SK On decided to end the partnership due to the declining prospects of EV sales in the US. Instead, it intends to focus the Tennessee plant’s output on the energy storage market.

Fewer EVs need fewer batteries: Ford and SK On end their joint venture Read More »

ugly-infotainment-mars-the-2025-subaru-forester-hybrid-experience

Ugly infotainment mars the 2025 Subaru Forester Hybrid experience

Although many of us associate it with rally-derived machinery from the late 1990s and early 2000s, these days, Subaru has mostly abandoned its performance cars to concentrate on its true calling—rugged, all-wheel-drive vehicles that are high on practicality, powered by horizontally opposed “boxer” engines. One area where the brand has never particularly excelled has been fuel efficiency, which is where today’s test car, the Subaru Forester Hybrid, comes in.

The last time Ars reviewed a Subaru Forester, it left us impressed. How about one with 40 percent better economy, in that case? Now, the 2.5 L flat-four engine operates on the Atkinson/Miller cycle, which generates 162 hp (121 kW) and 154 lb-ft (208 Nm). There’s an electric motor-generator starter and an electric traction motor with 118 hp (88 kW) and 199 lb-ft (270 Nm) that work together to send a combined 194 hp (145 kW) to all four wheels via a symmetrical all-wheel drive system and a planetary continuously variable transmission.

The Forester Hybrid is 183.3 inches (4,656 mm) long, 70.2 inches (1,783 mm) wide, and 68.1 inches (1,729 mm) tall, with a 105.1-inch (2,670 mm) wheelbase. Jonathan Gitlin

If that sounds vaguely familiar, that’s because it’s the same powertrain that Subaru has also fitted to the smaller Crosstrek Hybrid that we drove in September.

The 14 hp (10 kW) bump over the non-hybrid Forester is little enough that it probably won’t be noticed, but a combined EPA fuel efficiency of 35 mpg (6.7 L/100 km) is a meaningful increase over the unelectrified Forester’s 29 mpg (8.1 L/100 km). In practice, I struggled to exceed 31 mpg (7.6 L/100 km) during my week with the Forester, although as you’ll note from the temperatures displayed on the dash, winter temperatures have arrived, and we all know the cold makes all vehicles less efficient, not just EVs.

Driving a CVT hybrid can often feel disconcerting. Sometimes you press the accelerator and the car decides that electric propulsion will suffice; other times, the engine will rev with a non-linear relationship to the power being delivered at the wheels, as internal combustion tops up lithium-ion and then sends electrons to a motor to make the car go. Like all Atkinson cycle engines, it doesn’t sound very mellifluous when worked hard.

The rest of the driving experience was quite pleasant. The Forester Hybrid rides well on tires that have plenty of sidewall, and the 8.7-inches (221 mm) of ground clearance gives plenty of room for suspension travel. While it doesn’t handle like a WRX (or my dear departed Saab 9-2x), driving the Forester is no real chore. Other than the engine and some wind noise, it’s mostly refined on the move.

Ugly infotainment mars the 2025 Subaru Forester Hybrid experience Read More »

f1-in-abu-dhabi:-and-that’s-the-championship

F1 in Abu Dhabi: And that’s the championship

Going into the final race—worth 25 points for a win—Norris was on 408, Verstappen on 396, and Piastri on 392 points. A podium finish was all Norris needed to seal the championship. If Verstappen won and Norris came fourth or worse, the Dutch driver would claim his fifth championship. Piastri, for a long time the title leader, had the hardest task of all—nothing less than a win, and some misfortune for the other two, would do.

Lando Norris of McLaren during the first practice ahead of the Formula 1 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix at Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates on December 5, 2025. (Photo by Jakub Porzycki/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

At times, the orange cars have made their life harder than it needed to be. Credit: Jakub Porzycki/NurPhoto via Getty Images

Qualifying went Verstappen’s way, with Norris a few hundredths of a second faster than Piasrtri for second and third. The Ferrari of Charles Leclerc and the Mercedes of George Russell could have complicated things by inserting themselves between our three protagonists but came up short.

The big day

Come race day, Verstappen made an OK start, defended his position, then got his head down and drove to the checkered flag. The Yas Marina circuit, which is reportedly the most expensive race track ever created, had some corners reprofiled in 2021 to improve the racing, so the kind of “slow your rival down and back them into the chasing pack” games that Lewis Hamilton tried to play with Nico Rosberg in 2016 no longer work.

Verstappen was pursued by Piastri, who saw a chance to pass Norris on lap 1 and took it. For his part, Norris let him go, then gave his team some cause for panic by letting Leclerc’s Ferrari close to within a second before showing more speed. An early pit stop meant Norris had to do some overtaking on track. Which he did decisively, a far cry from the more timid driver we saw at times earlier this year.

ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES - DECEMBER 05: Max Verstappen of the Netherlands driving the (1) Oracle Red Bull Racing RB21 on track during practice ahead of the F1 Grand Prix of Abu Dhabi at Yas Marina Circuit on December 05, 2025 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. (Photo by Clive Mason/Getty Images)

With eight wins this year, Verstappen has been in amazing form. Which makes Norris’ achievement even more impressive. Credit: Clive Mason/Getty Images

Verstappen’s teammate, Yuki Tsunoda, was in one of the cars he needed to pass. Promoted from the junior Racing Bulls squad after just two races this season, Tsunoda has had the typically torrid time of Red Bull’s second driver, and Abu Dhabi was to be his last race for the team after scoring less than a tenth as many points as Verstappen. Tsunoda tried to hold up Norris and ran him to the far edge of the track but gained a five-second penalty for swerving in the process.

F1 in Abu Dhabi: And that’s the championship Read More »

a-big-bike-on-a-budget:-lectric’s-xpress-750

A big bike on a budget: Lectric’s XPress 750


A budget e-bike that offers more than you might expect.

Almost every bit of bike testing I’ve done starts out the same way. After assembling the bike, I set the seatpost to its maximum recommended height, take it on a short test ride, and try to figure out new and creative phrasing to describe the same old problem: The frame isn’t quite big enough to accommodate my legs. While I’m on the tall side at a bit over 6 feet (~190 cm), I’m definitely not abnormally large. Yet very few e-bike manufacturers seem to be interested in giving people my height a comfortable ride.

So imagine my surprise when, within two blocks of my first ride on the XPress 750, I had to pull off to the side of the street and lower the seat. This was especially notable given that the XPress is a budget bike (currently on sale for just under $1,000.00) that is only offered in a single frame size. So kudos to Lectric for giving me a comfortable and enjoyable ride, and doing so with a lot of features I wouldn’t expect at this price point.

That said, hitting that price necessitated some significant compromises. We’ll discuss those in detail so you can get a sense of whether any of them will get in the way of your riding enjoyment.

A bit more than you paid for

Lectric is not a household name, but the company says its XP foldable bike is the bestselling model in the US, making it a major vendor in that market. It’s gotten there largely through affordability, with none of its models costing over $2,000.00. Within that limit, however, the company tries to remain responsive to its users’ needs, as its intro video for the latest version of the XPress makes clear.

The XPress model isn’t foldable, and it comes in both step-through and step-over frames; we tested the latter. It’s a pretty standard hybrid-style bike, not quite built for everything you’d use a hard-tail mountain bike for but more than robust enough for commuting or errand-running and a bit sportier than a dedicated commuter bike. It comes with a suspension fork for cushioning the ride a bit; this also includes a setting that locks it in place, which is nice for riders who spend their time on smooth pavement and find that the fork sags when they stand up on the pedals.

Image of the cranks and rear wheel of a black metal bicycle.

The gearing on the XPress wasn’t a great match for its motor. Credit: John TImmer

The pedals are actually one of the bike’s most unusual features. Rather than screwing into the cranks, the pedals click into an insert when a sleeve is pulled out. The result is indistinguishable when you’re turning the cranks, but it avoids the complexity of remembering that the left and right pedals thread into the cranks in opposite directions. That makes a lot of sense for a company that ships at volume to people who may have limited experience in assembling or maintaining bikes. The pedals themselves are covered in metal pins that suggest they’re meant to be used for mountain biking, which is somewhat odd, given that the rest of the bike really isn’t.

The electric portion of the bike is fairly standard, with a battery in the downtube and a rear hub motor. It’s driven by a torque sensor, which registers the force you’re applying to the cranks and is relatively rare on cheaper bikes. A simple three-button controller (power and up/down) handles navigation, and the stat-tracking screen is bright and colorful and lays out all the information you’re likely to want. There’s also a very bright front light and rear brake/tail light linked into the electrical system. The controller lets you choose between five levels of assist, and there’s a throttle that can get the bike moving even without any pedaling.

Despite the simplicity of the three-button control system, Lectric lets you use it to exercise pretty fine-grained control over the behavior of its assist. By tweaking three different control settings, it’s possible to switch the bike between Class 1 (20 mph/32 kmph) and Class 3 (28 mph/45 kmph) modes or even set the assist to cut out at lower speeds (nine and 15 mph/15 and 24 kmph). You can also fine-tune the amount of assist each of the five settings provides.

Compromises

At the moment, Lectric is offering a lower-end version of the XPress for just under $1,000. It’s informative to compare it to a $1,000 e-bike from just four years ago, the SWFT. Just about every aspect of the XPress is better. It has multiple gears, a suspension fork, much better control over the electronics, a bigger, removable battery, a better screen, disc brakes, the tail light, and probably more that I’m not noticing. The value proposition of low-priced e-bikes has changed dramatically for the better over just a few years.

That said, it’s impossible to hit this price range without making some compromises. If this is the price you’re targeting, you’ll want to do your best to minimize the compromises while making sure the ones you make won’t bother you in the long term.

The biggest compromise to me is in the drive train. It’s using a Shimano Tourney, which is controlled by a cheap-feeling plastic dial with awkwardly placed buttons (I can’t find it on Shimano’s site, but here’s an eBay listing). That’s hooked up to seven gears in the rear, but almost all of them are only needed for going uphill or pedaling with the assist off. I spent almost all my time in the top two gears and almost never touched the lower end of the range.

Image of the right handlebar of a bike, showing a shifter and a brake lever.

My least favorite feature is the bike’s shifter. Credit: John TImmer

Another big problem is with the system that tracks battery use. As we saw in another affordability-focused bike, the battery display was prone to exaggerating the speed at which the actual battery was being drained. Shutting the bike off and letting it sit for 10 minutes was often enough to seemingly restore over a quarter of the battery’s capacity (again, it was there all the time, but the battery management software somehow failed to see it). This made judging how well the bike met Lectric’s range claims impossible and frequently left me wondering whether I could complete errands under power if I started them without a full charge.

The final thing was the noise. The XPress had the misfortune of being tested between two other bikes with motors that were nearly silent. The XPress, by contrast, emitted a very audible whine that cut into part of what makes biking special to me: silently gliding through quiet neighborhoods. I eventually settled on making the assist cut out at 20 mph (the lower of its two primary settings), where, on flat ground, my legs could easily minimize the need for the motor. But I wouldn’t want to be putting in that much physical effort if I were just running errands in typical summertime temperatures.

If any of those issues are dealbreakers for you, you’ll likely want to pay more for your bike or do an exhaustive search for something with a different combination of compromises. But in this price range, you’ll never avoid facing compromises.

That’s an indirect way of saying that this is a very good bike for its price range, and if its limitations are ones you can adjust to, it would be a great option for errand running, commuting, or light trail riding. It can be set to Class 3 to help it fit in with typical suburban traffic, it provides a throttle to help you avoid over-exertion in hot weather, and you can put a rack on back if you need to add cargo capacity. If you don’t try to treat it as something it’s not, it should perform quite well.

That said, riding it has me interested to see how many of these compromises might disappear from low-end models over the next four years.

Photo of John Timmer

John is Ars Technica’s science editor. He has a Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry from Columbia University, and a Ph.D. in Molecular and Cell Biology from the University of California, Berkeley. When physically separated from his keyboard, he tends to seek out a bicycle, or a scenic location for communing with his hiking boots.

A big bike on a budget: Lectric’s XPress 750 Read More »

toyota’s-new-gr-gt-picks-up-where-the-2000gt-and-lexus-lfa-left-off

Toyota’s new GR GT picks up where the 2000GT and Lexus LFA left off

There’s some Toyota news today that doesn’t involve the chairman wearing a MAGA hat. The Japanese automaker evidently decided it’s been too long since it flexed its engineering chops on something with two doors and plenty of power, so it has rectified that situation with a new flagship coupe for its Gazoo Racing sporty sub-brand. Meet the GR GT, which looks set to go on sale toward the end of next year.

The Camry-esque look at the front, and to an extent the rear, came second to the GR GT’s aerodynamics, which is the opposite way to how Toyota usually styles its cars. It’s built around a highly rigid aluminum frame—Toyota’s first, apparently—with carbon fiber for the hood, roof, and some other body panels to minimize weight. The automaker says that lowering the car’s center of gravity was a top priority, and weight balance and distribution also help explain the transaxle layout, where the car’s transmission is behind the cockpit and between the rear wheels.

I get a LOT of Camry from the nose. Toyota

That transaxle transmission will be an eight-speed automatic that uses a wet clutch instead of a torque converter and into which the car’s hybrid motor is integrated. Power from the 4.0 L twin-turbo V8 and the hybrid system should be a combined 641 hp (478 kW) and 626 lb-ft (850 Nm). Despite the aluminum frame and use of composites, the GT GR is no featherweight; it will weigh as much as 3,858 lb (1,750 kg). The V8 is a new design with a short stroke, a hot-V configuration for the turbochargers, and dry sump lubrication.

Toyota’s new GR GT picks up where the 2000GT and Lexus LFA left off Read More »

great-handling,-advanced-ev-tech:-we-drive-the-2027-bmw-ix3

Great handling, advanced EV tech: We drive the 2027 BMW iX3


The first of BMW’s clean-sheet “Neue Klasse” EVs hits it out of the park.

A BMW iX3 at sunset with Gibraltar in the background

BMW’s new iX3 is a clean-sheet design. It might be the most sustainable BMW ever, and remains decent to drive. Credit: BMW

BMW’s new iX3 is a clean-sheet design. It might be the most sustainable BMW ever, and remains decent to drive. Credit: BMW

The new BMW iX3 is an important car for the automaker. It’s the first of a new series of vehicles that BMW is calling the Neue Klasse, calling back to a range of cars that helped define the brand in the 1960s. Then, as now, propulsion is provided by the best powertrain BMW’s engineers could design and build, wrapped in styling that heralds the company’s new look. Except now, that powertrain is fully electric, and the cabin features technology that would have been scarcely believable to the driver of a new 1962 BMW 1500.

In fact, the iX3 is only half the story when it comes to BMW’s neue look for the Neue Klasse—there’s an all-electric 3 series sedan on the way, too. The sedan will surely appeal to enthusiasts, particularly the version that the M tuning arm has worked its magic upon, but you’ll have to wait until early 2026 to read about that stuff. Which makes sense: crossovers and SUVs—or “sports activity vehicles” in BMW-speak—are what the market wants these days, so that’s what comes first.

The technical stuff

As we learned earlier this summer, BMW leaned heavily into sustainability when it designed the iX3. There’s extensive use of recycled battery minerals, interior plastics, and aluminum, and the automaker has gone for a monomaterial approach where possible to make recycling the car a lot easier. There’s also an all-new EV powertrain, BMW’s sixth-generation. When it goes on sale here next summer, the launch model will be the iX3 50 xDrive, which pairs an asynchronous motor at the front axle and an electrically excited synchronous motor at the rear for a combined output of 463 hp (345 kW) and 475 lb-ft (645 Nm).

A BMW iX3 seen from the rear 3/4s, with Gibraltar in the distance

The lighter the paint shade, the better you can see the surface detailing, like the bulging wheel arches. Credit: BMW

Energy to the motors is supplied from a 108.7-kWh (net), 800 V lithium-ion battery pack. BMW abandoned the pouch cell/module approach used in its fifth-gen EV powertrains in favor of new cylindrical cells, which measure 46 mm by 95 mm. Instead of modules, the iX3 uses a cell-to-pack design that saves weight, as well as making the pack cheaper to assemble. And the top of the battery pack forms the floor of the car, with the seats bolting directly onto the pack—this saves yet more weight and space inside the vehicle.

Official EPA efficiency numbers, including the all-important range, will come closer to the iX3’s arrival in dealerships next year. You should expect at least 400 miles (643 km) of range, with 10–80 percent DC fast charges taking as little as 21 minutes on a sufficiently powerful charger. (Maximum DC fast charging is 400 kW.) For road trippers, there’s new route planning integrated into the BMW smartphone app as well as the car, which can project charging costs and even check reviews to tell you what the expected power level might be versus what the station claims.

All US market iX3s will be equipped with the “AC charging professional” option as standard, which allows for AC charging at up to 15.4 kW (which should take 7: 45 hours to fully charge from zero), as well as enabling bidirectional charging, whether that’s powering AC devices (V2L), or sending power to the home in an emergency (V2H), or to the grid on-demand (V2G).

Get in

BMW iX3 interior

There are two 45 W USB-C ports, as well as wireless charging pads, and Apple CarPlay and Android Auto are available wirelessly. Credit: BMW

From the driver’s seat, you can clearly see BMW’s new UI/UX paradigm. Forget the classic binnacle with its cluster of gauges. Now, there’s a strip of customizable display at the base of the windscreen that BMW calls “Panoramic Vision.” Lincoln has experimented with something similar, but the effect is far better resolved here as the display appears seamless with the frit of the windshield. I particularly liked the way the focal point for the display is several inches down the hood from the actual surface of the screen, which makes it easier to take in information at a glance and then return your eyes to the road quickly.

The optional full-color head-up display could use a little more brightness, however, and I’m going to call out the iX3’s steering wheel now because it’s the one thing that really lets the whole experience down. There are no horizontal spokes, just fresh air between the thumb grips and the multifunction panels on either side of the airbag, which seems an odd design choice, and it feels a little too fat to grip. The actual multifunction controls aren’t horrid to use, but “this car needed a better wheel” was heard more than once as journalists compared notes.

The rest of the cockpit ergonomics are fine. The materials feel pleasant to the touch, with an interesting contrast between the textured fabric on the dash and the padded plastics. There are plenty of physical buttons and a trapezoidal infotainment screen that keeps controls near the driver’s right hand.

However, there’s no more physical dial controller for the infotainment system, and Alexa has replaced Cerence in supplying the natural language processing and conversational AI. In practice, this feels like a bit of a downgrade, and not only did the AI assistant—that little Ninja-looking face in the middle of the Panoramic Vision display—repeatedly think someone used its trigger word when we hadn’t, but a lot of my requests were met with some variation of “I can’t help you with that.”

The drive impression

The calibration of the one-pedal driving mode—which you toggle on or off with the drive selector on the center console—is very well-judged, and the friction brakes shouldn’t take over unless you’re asking to slow by more than half a G, which means 98 percent of all deceleration events should return energy to the battery pack. It’s a quiet ride, too, as long as you keep it out of sport mode, although the suspension is relatively firm and you’ll feel some road imperfections.

On the road, I found the Efficiency mode plenty, despite this being the most throttled back. When not in one-pedal (D versus B on the drive selector), the iX3 coasts well, and one of the driver assists onboard will read speed limit signs and regeneratively brake you to meet them, if you’re coasting along and the limit decreases. (That’s among the assists you can disable, should you wish.)

It’s nimble enough at changing directions. BMW

The suite of advanced driver assistance systems now runs on its own domain controller, one of four powerful computers that replace the dozens and dozens of black box ECUs that each used to handle a single discrete function. Among the improvements are a new remote parking ability that uses the My BMW App on a smartphone to even better effect than James Bond in Tomorrow Never Dies, and an adaptive cruise control that can tell the difference between a heavy application of brakes—at which point it deactivates—or a light brush, returning to speed after slowing.

Because the necessary sensors are included in all iX3s, future owners will be able to enable the various driver assists even if the original owner chose not to pick those options. For a fee, of course, but it makes the resale proposition slightly better.

That BMW scheduled some of the day at the Ascari circuit was evidence of an automaker confident in its product. On track, we pushed things a little harder. At up to about seven-tenths, the iX3 coped with the undulating circuit with composure. Praise belongs to the brakes, which we got to test in several emergency stops from highway speeds, and I’m not sure I saw anyone knock down a cone through the medium-speed slalom. The steering is well-weighted and has what passes for feel in the 21st century, with the right amount of power assist to make this actually rather heavy vehicle feel more like a featherweight.

A silver BMW iX3 outside a building with a giant eye on its wall and a horn coming out the side.

Based on our first drive, the iX3 should have what it takes to be a contender in the luxury electric crossover segment. Credit: BMW

Go beyond that, and you really start to hustle the car; unsurprisingly, the result is understeer, accompanied by some screeching tires. That starts to occur at speeds where you’re also more and more aware of the iX3’s roughly two and a half ton curb weight, and so backing off—at which point the nose tightens again—just becomes the natural thing to do.

Like the EPA data, exact US pricing will have to wait until closer to the iX3’s arrival next summer, though we expect it to cost less than $60,000. It’s entering a busy segment of the market, with rivals like the Audi Q6 and Mercedes-Benz GLC with EQ technology, just to name its German competition. Dynamically, the BMW is the one to get. It might even win on price, too.

Photo of Jonathan M. Gitlin

Jonathan is the Automotive Editor at Ars Technica. He has a BSc and PhD in Pharmacology. In 2014 he decided to indulge his lifelong passion for the car by leaving the National Human Genome Research Institute and launching Ars Technica’s automotive coverage. He lives in Washington, DC.

Great handling, advanced EV tech: We drive the 2027 BMW iX3 Read More »

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F1 in Las Vegas: This sport is a 200 mph soap opera

Then there’s the temperatures. The desert gets quite chilly in November without the sun shining on things, and the track surface gets down to just 11° C (52° F); by contrast, at the recent Singapore GP, also at night, the track temperature was more like 36° C (97° F).

LAS VEGAS, NEVADA - NOVEMBER 21: Lando Norris of Great Britain driving the (4) McLaren MCL39 Mercedes lifts a wheel on track during qualifying ahead of the F1 Grand Prix of Las Vegas at Las Vegas Strip Circuit on November 21, 2025 in Las Vegas, Nevada. (Photo by )

It’s rare to see an F1 car on full wet tires but not running behind the safety car. Credit: Clive Rose/Getty Images

So, low aero and mechanical grip, an unusual layout compared to most F1 tracks, and very cold temperatures all combine to create potential surprises, shaking up the usual running order.

We saw this last year, where the Mercedes shined in the cold, able to keep their tires in the right operating window, something the team wasn’t able to do at hotter races. But it was hard to tell much from Thursday’s two practice sessions, one of which was interrupted due to problems with a maintenance hatch, albeit not as serious as when one damaged a Ferrari in 2023. The cars looked impressively fast going through turn 17, and the hybrid power units are a little louder than I remember them, even if they’re not a patch on the naturally aspirated engines of old.

Very little of any use was learned by any of the teams for qualifying on Friday night, which took place in at times damp, at times wet conditions—so wet that the Pirelli intermediate tire wasn’t grooved enough, pushing teams to use the full wet-weather spec rubber. Norris took pole from Red Bull’s Max Verstappen, with Williams’ Carlos Sainz making best use of the opportunity to grab third. Piastri would start fifth, behind the Mercedes of last year’s winner, George Russell.

If the race is boring, the off-track action won’t be

Race night was a little windy, but dry. And the race itself was rather boring—Norris tried to defend pole position going into Turn 1 but ran wide, and Verstappen slipped into the lead, never looking back. Norris followed him home in second, with Piastri fourth, leaving Norris 30 points ahead of Piastri and 42 points ahead of Verstappen with two more race weekends and 58 points left on offer.

F1 in Las Vegas: This sport is a 200 mph soap opera Read More »

data-driven-sport:-how-red-bull-and-at&t-move-terabytes-of-f1-info

Data-driven sport: How Red Bull and AT&T move terabytes of F1 info

“We learned how to be more efficient because before… we were so focused on performance that we almost forgot about efficiency, about it was full performance, and we have more people now than we had in 2017, for example, in the team, but we are spending less money,” Maia told me.

Bigger data

The number of sensors on each race car has tripled, with around 750 of them, each sending back a different data stream, amounting to around 1.5 terabytes per car per race. Telemetry used to be pretty basic—a TV feed, throttle, brake, and steering applications, and so on. Now a small squad of engineers sits at banks of screens in the back of the garage, hidden away from the cameras, in constant link with their colleagues in the Milton Keynes factory.

“We need as well to bring it straight away to Milton Keynes because it’s helping us to fine-tune the setup—so when you are here on Friday—and it’s helping us as well on Sunday to make the best decision for the race strategy. So that’s why it’s very good to have a lot of data, but you need as well to transfer it back and forth,” Maia said.

“It is a sport of milliseconds, as you know,” said Zee Hussain, head of global enterprise solutions at AT&T. “So the speed of data, the reliability of data, the latency, the security is just absolutely critical. If the data is not going, traversing, at the highest possible speed, and it’s not on a secure and reliable path, that is absolutely without question the difference between winning and losing,” Hussain said.

“I think the biggest latency we have is between Australia and the UK, and it’s around 0.3 seconds. It’s nothing. I think if you are on WhatsApp, calling someone is maybe more latency… So it’s impressive,” Maia said.

Data-driven sport: How Red Bull and AT&T move terabytes of F1 info Read More »

“hey-google,-did-you-upgrade-your-ai-in-my-android-auto?”

“Hey Google, did you upgrade your AI in my Android Auto?”

Now it’s “Hey Google” not “OK Google” to trigger the assistant, which had started feeling a little left behind in terms of natural language processing and conversational AI to other OEM systems—sometimes even AAOS-based ones—that used solutions like those from Cerence running on their own private clouds.

Gemini

Going forward, “Hey Google” will fire up Gemini, as long as it’s running on the Android device being cast to the car’s infotainment system. In fact, we learned of its impending, unspecified arrival a couple of weeks ago, but today is the day, according to Google.

Now, instead of needing to know precise trigger phrases to get Google Assistant to do what you’d like it to do, Gemini should be able to answer the kinds of normal speech questions that so often frustrate me when I try them with Siri or most built-in in-car AI helpers.

For example, you could ask if there are any well-rated restaurants along a particular route, with the ability to have Gemini drill down into search results like menu options. (Whether these are as trustworthy as the AI suggestions that confront us when we use Google as a search engine will need to be determined.) Sending messages should supposedly be easier, with translation into 40 different languages should the need arise, and it sounds like making playlists and even finding info on one’s destination have both become more powerful.

There’s even the dreaded intrusion of productivity, as Gemini can access your Gmail, calendars, tasks, and so on.

A polestar interior

Google Gemini is coming to all Polestar models. Credit: Polestar

Gemini is also making its way into built-in Google automotive environments. Just yesterday, Polestar announced that Gemini will replace Google Assistant in all its models, from the entry-level Polestar 2 through to soon-to-arrive machines like the Polestar 5 four-door grand tourer.

“Our collaboration with Google is a great example of how we continue to evolve the digital experience in our cars. Gemini brings the next generation of AI voice interaction into the car, and we’re excited to give a first look at how it will enhance the driving experience,” said Polestar’s head of UI/UX, Sid Odedra.

“Hey Google, did you upgrade your AI in my Android Auto?” Read More »

how-two-nissan-leafs-help-make-a-regional-airport-more-resilient

How two Nissan Leafs help make a regional airport more resilient

Not everything about the future sucks. Like electric cars. Sure, there’s one thing that dinosaur-burners do better—short refueling stops—but even the least efficient EV is still multiple times better than its gas equivalent. So much better in fact that it offsets all the extra energy needed to make the battery within a year or two. They’re quieter, and easy to drive. And in a pinch, they can power your house from the garage. Or how about an airport?

OK, we’re not talking about a major international airport (although I really need to talk to someone at Dulles International Airport about my idea to electrify those Space 1999-esque mobile lounges at some point). But up in Humboldt County, California, there’s a microgrid at the Redwood Coast Airport that has now integrated bidirectional charging, and a pair of Nissan Leaf EVs, into its operation.

The microgrid has been operating since 2021 with a 2.2 MW solar array, 8.9 MWh of battery storage, and a 300 KW net-metered solar system. It can feed excess power back into PG&E’s local grid and draw power from the same, but in an outage, the microgrid can keep the airport up and operational.

Turning over an old leaf

One of the Leafs (from model year 2021) was bought by the Humboldt County Aviation Division, the other is a model year 2020 provided by Nissan. These are the previous generation of the Leaf we test drove recently, and they still rely on CHAdeMO for DC fast charging. But the second-gen Leaf was always capable of vehicle-to-grid; it’s just that no one ever set up a pilot in North America to do so, at least to my knowledge. We’ve seen school buses and F-150s get into the V2G game, and it’s good to see the second-gen Leaf now finally fulfilling that potential in North America, even if it has just been replaced with an improved model.

How two Nissan Leafs help make a regional airport more resilient Read More »

what’s-it-like-to-compete-in-the-longest-us-off-road-rally-with-no-gps?

What’s it like to compete in the longest US off-road rally with no GPS?

I’ve been involved with the Rebelle Rally since its inception in 2016, either as a competitor or live show host, and over the past 10 years, I’ve seen it evolve from a scrappy rally with big dreams to the world-class event that it is today.

In a nutshell, the Rebelle Rally is the longest competitive off-road rally in the United States, covering over 2,000 kilometers, and it just happens to be for women. Over eight days, teams of two must plot coordinates on a map, figure out their route, and find multiple checkpoints—both marked and unmarked—with no GPS, cell phones, or chase crews. It is not a race for speed but rather a rally for navigational accuracy over some of the toughest terrain California and Nevada have to offer. There are two classes: 4×4 with vehicles like the Jeep Wrangler and Ford Bronco and X-Cross for cars like the Honda Passport and BMW X5. Heavy modifications aren’t needed, and many teams compete for the coveted Bone Stock award.

For this 10th anniversary, I got back behind the wheel of a 2025 Subaru Crosstrek Wilderness as a driver, with Kendra Miller as my navigator, to defend my multiple podium finishes and stage wins and get reacquainted with the technology, or lack thereof, that makes this multi-day competition so special.

Emme Hall (R), driver, and Kendra Miller (L), navigator, before the start of the 2025 Rebelle Rally. Ernesto Araiza

High-tech rally

In the morning, as Kendra uses a scale ruler to plot 20-plus coordinates on the map of the day, a laborious task that requires intense concentration, I have time to marvel at base camp a bit. We climb out of our snuggy sleeping bags and tents in the pitch black of 5 am, but the main tent is brighter than ever thanks to Renewable Innovations and its mobile microgrid.

This system combines a solar and a hydrogen fuel cell system for up to 750 kWh of power. In the early morning, the multiple batteries in both systems power the bright lights that the navigators need to see their maps, and the Starlink units send the commentary show to YouTube and Facebook Live. Competitors and staff can take a hot shower, the kitchen fries up the morning’s tater tots—seriously, they are the best—and the day’s drivers’ meeting gets started on the PA system. We’re 100 miles from nowhere, and it feels like home.

What’s it like to compete in the longest US off-road rally with no GPS? Read More »