Author name: Mike M.

spacex-video-teases-potential-starship-booster-“catch”-on-next-flight

SpaceX video teases potential Starship booster “catch” on next flight

chopsticks, Science, Space, spacex, starship / /

A strong grip —

A booster landing would be a calculated risk to SpaceX’s launch tower infrastructure.

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In early June, the rocket for SpaceX's fourth full-scale Starship test flight awaits liftoff from Starbase, the company's private launch base in South Texas.

Enlarge / In early June, the rocket for SpaceX’s fourth full-scale Starship test flight awaits liftoff from Starbase, the company’s private launch base in South Texas.

SpaceX

In a short video released Thursday, possibly to celebrate the US Fourth of July holiday with the biggest rocket’s red glare of them all, SpaceX provided new footage of the most recent test of its Starship launch vehicle.

This test, the fourth of the experimental rocket that NASA is counting on to land its astronauts on the Moon, and which one day may launch humans to Mars, took place on June 6. During the flight, the first stage of the rocket performed well during ascent and, after separating from the upper stage, made a controlled reentry into the Gulf of Mexico. The Starship upper stage appeared to make a nominal flight through space before making a controlled—if fiery—landing in the Indian Ocean.

The new video focuses mostly on the “Super Heavy” booster stage and its entry into the Gulf. There is new footage from a camera on top of the 71-meter-tall first stage as well as a nearby buoy at water level. The video from the buoy, in particular, shows the first stage making an upright landing into the ocean.

Starship fourth flight test.

Perhaps most intriguingly, at the end of the video, SpaceX teases an image of Starship’s large launch tower in South Texas at the Starbase facility. Prominently featured are the two “chopsticks,” large arms intended to catch the first stage booster as it slowly descends back toward its launch pad.

Then, in simulated footage, the video shows Starship’s first stage descending back toward the launch tower with the title “Flight 5.” And then it fades out.

To land, or not to land?

This supports the idea that SpaceX is working toward attempting a Starship booster catch on its next flight test, which likely will occur later this summer. Doubtless, the company still has both technical and regulatory work before this can happen.

In the days immediately following the fourth flight test, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said it was the company’s goal to make such a landing attempt on the next launch. However, during a talk last week with local residents in south Texas, Starbase General Manager Kathy Lueders said this attempt might not occur on Flight 5.

However, the new video released Thursday indicates that a catch attempt is still on the table as a possibility, and perhaps even a likelihood. Such a landing would be both stunning visually, as well as a calculated risk to SpaceX’s launch tower infrastructure, as the booster likely would be landing with a few spare tons of methane and liquid oxygen propellant in its tanks.

If SpaceX decides to press ahead with the attempt, it must still obtain a launch and reentry license from the Federal Aviation Administration, which is tasked with ensuring the safety of people and property on the ground. It seems probable that the next test flight will not occur before August.

Flight 5 tease.

Enlarge / Flight 5 tease.

SpaceX

Meanwhile, activities at the South Texas launch site may well be curtailed for a couple of days as Hurricane Beryl enters the Gulf of Mexico later on Friday and then tracks toward the Texas coast early next week. The center of Beryl is expected to pass near or north of the launch site late on Sunday night or Monday, bringing winds and surges.

However, because Beryl is not expected to be a major hurricane in terms of wind speed, these impacts should not prove catastrophic to SpaceX facilities. Heavy rainfall and inland flooding in the low-lying Starbase area is also a possibility on Monday and Tuesday before the storm pulls away.

SpaceX video teases potential Starship booster “catch” on next flight Read More »

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Apple Vision Pro, new cameras fail user-repairability analysis

Apple, cameras, Meta, new york, Policy, right to repair, Tech, US PIRG / /
Apple's Vision Pro scored 0 points in US PIRG's self-repairability analysis.

Enlarge / Apple’s Vision Pro scored 0 points in US PIRG’s self-repairability analysis.

Kyle Orland

In December, New York became the first state to enact a “Right to Repair” law for electronics. Since then, other states, including Oregon and Minnesota, have passed similar laws. However, a recent analysis of some recently released gadgets shows that self-repair still has a long way to go before it becomes ubiquitous.

On Monday, the US Public Interest Research Group (PIRG) released its Leaders and Laggards report that examined user repairability of 21 devices subject to New York’s electronics Right to Repair law. The nonprofit graded devices “based on the quality and accessibility of repair manuals, spare parts, and other critical repair materials.”

Nathan Proctor, one of the report’s authors and senior director for the Campaign for the Right to Repair for the US PIRG Education Fund, told Ars Technica via email that PIRG focused on new models since the law only applies to new products, adding that PIRG “tried to include a range of covered devices from well-known brands.”

While all four smartphones included on the list received an A-minus or A, many other types of devices got disappointing grades. The HP Spectre Fold foldable laptop, for example, received a D-minus due to low parts (2 out of 10) and manual (4 out of 10) scores.

The report examined four camera models—Canon’s EOS r100, Fujifilm’s GFX 100 ii, Nikon’s Zf, and Sony’s Alpha 6700—and all but one received an F. The outlier, the Sony camera, managed a D-plus.

Two VR headsets were also among the losers. US PIRG gave Apple’s Vision Pro and Meta’s Quest 3 an F.

You can see PIRG’s full score breakdown below:

Repair manuals are still hard to access

New York’s Digital Fair Repair Act requires consumer electronics brands to allow consumers access to the same diagnostic tools, parts, and repair manuals that its own repair technicians use. However, the PIRG organization struggled to access manuals for some recently released tech that’s subject to the law.

For example, Sony’s PlayStation 5 Slim received a 1/10 score. PIRG’s report includes an apparent screenshot of an online chat with Sony customer support, where a rep said that the company doesn’t have a copy of the console’s service manual available and that “if the unit needs repair, we recommend/refer customers to the service center.”

Apple’s Vision Pro, meanwhile, got a 0/10 manual score, while the Meta Quest 3 got a 1/10.

According to the report, “only 12 of 21 products provided replacement procedures, and 11 listed which tools are required to disassemble the product.”

The report suggests difficulties in easily accessing repair manuals, with the report’s authors stating that reaching out to customer service representatives “often” proved “unhelpful.” The group also pointed to a potential lack of communication between customer service reps and the company’s repairability efforts.

For example, Apple launched its Self Service Repair Store in April 2022. But PIRG’s report said:

 … our interaction with their customer service team seemed to imply that there was no self-repair option for [Apple] phones. We were told by an Apple support representative that ‘only trained Apple Technician[s]’ would be able to replace our phone screen or battery, despite a full repair manual and robust parts selection available on the Apple website.

Apple didn’t immediately respond to Ars Technica’s request for comment.

Apple Vision Pro, new cameras fail user-repairability analysis Read More »

384,000-sites-pull-code-from-sketchy-code-library-recently-bought-by-chinese-firm

384,000 sites pull code from sketchy code library recently bought by Chinese firm

Biz & IT, Security / /

The supply-chain threat that won’t die —

Many website admins, it seems, have yet to get memo to remove Polyfill[.]io links.

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384,000 sites pull code from sketchy code library recently bought by Chinese firm

Getty Images

More than 384,000 websites are linking to a site that was caught last week performing a supply-chain attack that redirected visitors to malicious sites, researchers said.

For years, the JavaScript code, hosted at polyfill[.]com, was a legitimate open source project that allowed older browsers to handle advanced functions that weren’t natively supported. By linking to cdn.polyfill[.]io, websites could ensure that devices using legacy browsers could render content in newer formats. The free service was popular among websites because all they had to do was embed the link in their sites. The code hosted on the polyfill site did the rest.

The power of supply-chain attacks

In February, China-based company Funnull acquired the domain and the GitHub account that hosted the JavaScript code. On June 25, researchers from security firm Sansec reported that code hosted on the polyfill domain had been changed to redirect users to adult- and gambling-themed websites. The code was deliberately designed to mask the redirections by performing them only at certain times of the day and only against visitors who met specific criteria.

The revelation prompted industry-wide calls to take action. Two days after the Sansec report was published, domain registrar Namecheap suspended the domain, a move that effectively prevented the malicious code from running on visitor devices. Even then, content delivery networks such as Cloudflare began automatically replacing pollyfill links with domains leading to safe mirror sites. Google blocked ads for sites embedding the Polyfill[.]io domain. The website blocker uBlock Origin added the domain to its filter list. And Andrew Betts, the original creator of Polyfill.io, urged website owners to remove links to the library immediately.

As of Tuesday, exactly one week after malicious behavior came to light, 384,773 sites continued to link to the site, according to researchers from security firm Censys. Some of the sites were associated with mainstream companies including Hulu, Mercedes-Benz, and Warner Bros. and the federal government. The findings underscore the power of supply-chain attacks, which can spread malware to thousands or millions of people simply by infecting a common source they all rely on.

“Since the domain was suspended, the supply-chain attack has been halted,” Aidan Holland, a member of the Censys Research Team, wrote in an email. “However, if the domain was to be un-suspended or transferred, it could resume its malicious behavior. My hope is that NameCheap properly locked down the domain and would prevent this from occurring.”

What’s more, the Internet scan performed by Censys found more than 1.6 million sites linking to one or more domains that were registered by the same entity that owns polyfill[.]io. At least one of the sites, bootcss[.]com, was observed in June 2023 performing malicious actions similar to those of polyfill. That domain, and three others—bootcdn[.]net, staticfile[.]net, and staticfile[.]org—were also found to have leaked a user’s authentication key for accessing a programming interface provided by Cloudflare.

Censys researchers wrote:

So far, this domain (bootcss.com) is the only one showing any signs of potential malice. The nature of the other associated endpoints remains unknown, and we avoid speculation. However, it wouldn’t be entirely unreasonable to consider the possibility that the same malicious actor responsible for the polyfill.io attack might exploit these other domains for similar activities in the future.

Of the 384,773 sites still linking to polyfill[.]com, 237,700, or almost 62 percent, were located inside Germany-based web host Hetzner.

Censys found that various mainstream sites—both in the public and private sectors—were among those linking to polyfill. They included:

  • Warner Bros. (www.warnerbros.com)
  • Hulu (www.hulu.com)
  • Mercedes-Benz (shop.mercedes-benz.com)
  • Pearson (digital-library-qa.pearson.com, digital-library-stg.pearson.com)
  • ns-static-assets.s3.amazonaws.com

The amazonaws.com address was the most common domain associated with sites still linking to the polyfill site, an indication of widespread usage among users of Amazon’s S3 static website hosting.

Censys also found 182 domains ending in .gov, meaning they are affiliated with a government entity. One such domain—feedthefuture[.]gov—is affiliated with the US federal government. A breakdown of the top 50 affected sites is here.

Attempts to reach Funnull representatives for comment weren’t successful.

384,000 sites pull code from sketchy code library recently bought by Chinese firm Read More »

soda-additive-“no-longer-considered-safe,”-gets-long-awaited-fda-ban

Soda additive “no longer considered safe,” gets long-awaited FDA ban

brominated vegetable oil, BVO, fda, food additives, health, Mountain Dew, Science, Sun drop / /

Decades coming —

Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) is used in citrus sodas but has largely been phased out.

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Tops of citrus sodas at a manufacturing plant.

Enlarge / Tops of citrus sodas at a manufacturing plant.

After more than five decades of limbo, the Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday revoked the authorization of brominated vegetable oil (BVO) in food, banning an additive long known to have toxic effects that is already banned in Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and California.

BVO—simply vegetable oil that is modified with bromine—has been used in foods since the 1920s. It has often been used as a stabilizer for fruit flavorings, particularly in citrusy beverages, including sodas, to keep the citrus flavoring from separating and floating to the top. The FDA authorized the use of BVO just after gaining the authority to regulate food additives in 1958. By the early 1960s, the FDA had put BVO on its first inventory of food additives it deemed generally safe—designated “generally recognized as safe” or GRAS. But safety concerns quickly surfaced, and by the late 1960s, the FDA had already limited its use to a flavoring stabilizer and capped the amount that could be used to 15 parts per million.

That 15-ppm limit was authorized on an “interim basis,” pending more safety studies. In 1970, the FDA revoked the GRAS designation for BVO, but continued to allow the 15-ppm limit—on an interim basis—given that safety studies “did not indicate an immediate health threat from the limited use.”

“Disgraceful”

The interim safety limit stayed in place until now, as the FDA was waiting for more safety data. In the mid-2010s, following bans in Europe and Japan, the agency began to review BVO and commissioned its own studies. A resulting rat study, which the agency published in 2022, found that when rats were fed BVO at levels that mimicked humans’ exposure at the 15-ppm limit, the animals developed abnormalities in their thyroids, alterations in their hormone signaling, and accumulation of brominated fatty acids in their hearts, livers, and fat.

The FDA proposed its ban in November 2023. At the time, the FDA’s Deputy Commissioner for Human Foods, James Jones, hinted at the agency’s inactions by noting that the proposed restructuring at the agency was intended to “develop a faster and more nimble process for evaluating chemicals in the food supply.”

By then, most major soda makers had already phased BVO out of their citrusy sodas and other drinks amid public pressure. Coca-Cola pledged to remove BVO from its drinks in 2014, and PepsiCo confirmed in 2020 that it had removed it from its drinks, including Mountain Dew and Gatorade. The FDA reports that only a few beverages in the US still use the additive. Among the lingering users is Sun Drop, according to its product page.

Manufacturers have one year to reformulate their products, the FDA notes.

Consumer advocates chided the FDA while celebrating the ban. “The FDA’s decision to ban brominated vegetable oil in food is a victory for public health,” Scott Faber, senior vice president of government affairs at the Environmental Working Group, said in a statement. “But it’s disgraceful that it took decades of regulatory inaction to protect consumers from this dangerous chemical.”

Soda additive “no longer considered safe,” gets long-awaited FDA ban Read More »

nasa-selects-spacex-to-launch-a-gamma-ray-telescope-into-an-unusual-orbit

NASA selects SpaceX to launch a gamma-ray telescope into an unusual orbit

antimatter, cosi, falcon 9, gamma ray, launch, NASA, Science, Space, spacex / /

Plane change —

The Falcon 9 rocket is pretty much the only rocket available to launch this mission.

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Artist's illustration of the COSI spacecraft.

Enlarge / Artist’s illustration of the COSI spacecraft.

A small research satellite designed to study the violent processes behind the creation and destruction of chemical elements will launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket in 2027, NASA announced Tuesday.

The Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) mission features a gamma-ray telescope that will scan the sky to study gamma-rays emitted by the explosions of massive stars and the end of their lives. These supernova explosions generate reactions that fuse new atomic nuclei, a process called nucleosynthesis, of heavier elements.

Using data from COSI, scientists will map where these elements are forming in the Milky Way galaxy. COSI’s observations will also yield new insights into the annihilation of positrons, the antimatter equivalent of electrons, which appear to be originating from the center of the galaxy. Another goal for COSI will be to rapidly report the location of short gamma-ray bursts, unimaginably violent explosions that flash and then fade in just a couple of seconds. These bursts are likely caused by merging neutron stars.

The COSI mission will be sensitive to so-called soft gamma rays, a relatively unexplored segment of the electromagnetic spectrum. The telescope is based on a design scientists have flown on research balloon flights.

NASA selected COSI in a competition for funding to become the next mission in the agency’s Explorers program in 2021. Earlier this year, NASA formally approved the mission to proceed into development for launch in August 2027, with an overall budget in the range of $267 million to $294 million, according to NASA budget documents.

From Florida to the equator

COSI is a relatively small spacecraft, built by Northrop Grumman and weighing less than a ton, but it will ride alone into orbit on top of a Falcon 9 rocket. That’s because COSI will operate in an unusual orbit about 340 miles (550 kilometers) over the equator, an orbit chosen to avoid interference from radiation over the South Atlantic Anomaly, the region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt comes closest to Earth’s surface.

SpaceX’s Falcon 9 will deliver COSI directly into its operational orbit after taking off from Cape Canaveral, Florida, then will fire its upper stage in a sideways maneuver to make a turn at the equator. This type of maneuver, called a plane change, takes a lot of energy, or delta-V, on par with the delta-V required to put a heavier satellite into a much higher orbit.

File photo of a Falcon 9 launch on May 6 from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida.

Enlarge / File photo of a Falcon 9 launch on May 6 from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida.

SpaceX

NASA awarded SpaceX a firm-fixed-price contract valued at $69 million to launch the COSI mission. This is about a 37 percent increase in the price NASA paid SpaceX in a 2019 contract for launch of the similarly sized IXPE X-ray telescope into a similar orbit as COSI. The higher price is at least partially explained by inflation.

The space agency didn’t have much of a decision to make in the COSI launch contract. The Falcon 9 is the only rocket certified by NASA that can launch a satellite with the mass of COSI into its equatorial orbit.

In the next couple of years, NASA hopes United Launch Alliance’s Vulcan rocket and Blue Origin’s New Glenn launcher will be in the mix to compete for launch contracts for missions like COSI. All of ULA’s remaining Atlas V rockets are already booked by other customers.

NASA selects SpaceX to launch a gamma-ray telescope into an unusual orbit Read More »

“regresshion”-vulnerability-in-openssh-gives-attackers-root-on-linux

“RegreSSHion” vulnerability in OpenSSH gives attackers root on Linux

Biz & IT, code execution, exploits, openssh, Security, vulnerabilities / /

RELAPSE —

Full system compromise possible by peppering servers with thousands of connection requests.

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“RegreSSHion” vulnerability in OpenSSH gives attackers root on Linux

Researchers have warned of a critical vulnerability affecting the OpenSSH networking utility that can be exploited to give attackers complete control of Linux and Unix servers with no authentication required.

The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2024-6387, allows unauthenticated remote code execution with root system rights on Linux systems that are based on glibc, an open source implementation of the C standard library. The vulnerability is the result of a code regression introduced in 2020 that reintroduced CVE-2006-5051, a vulnerability that was fixed in 2006. With thousands, if not millions, of vulnerable servers populating the Internet, this latest vulnerability could pose a significant risk.

Complete system takeover

“This vulnerability, if exploited, could lead to full system compromise where an attacker can execute arbitrary code with the highest privileges, resulting in a complete system takeover, installation of malware, data manipulation, and the creation of backdoors for persistent access,” wrote Bharat Jogi, the senior director of threat research at Qualys, the security firm that discovered it. “It could facilitate network propagation, allowing attackers to use a compromised system as a foothold to traverse and exploit other vulnerable systems within the organization.”

The risk is in part driven by the central role OpenSSH plays in virtually every internal network connected to the Internet. It provides a channel for administrators to connect to protected devices remotely or from one device to another inside the network. The ability for OpenSSH to support multiple strong encryption protocols, its integration into virtually all modern operating systems, and its location at the very perimeter of networks further drive its popularity.

Besides the ubiquity of vulnerable servers populating the Internet, CVE-2024-6387 also provides a potent means for executing malicious code stems with the highest privileges, with no authentication required. The flaw stems from faulty management of the signal handler, a component in glibc for responding to potentially serious events such as division-by-zero attempts. When a client device initiates a connection but doesn’t successfully authenticate itself within an allotted time (120 seconds by default), vulnerable OpenSSH systems call what’s known as a SIGALRM handler asynchronously. The flaw resides in sshd, the main OpenSSH engine. Qualys has named the vulnerability regreSSHion.

The severity of the threat posed by exploitation is significant, but various factors are likely to prevent it from being mass exploited, security experts said. For one, the attack can take as long as eight hours to complete and require as many as 10,000 authentication steps, Stan Kaminsky, a researcher at security firm Kaspersky, said. The delay results from a defense known as address space layout randomization, which changes the memory addresses where executable code is stored to thwart attempts to run malicious payloads.

Other limitations apply. Attackers must also know the specific OS running on each targeted server. So far, no one has found a way to exploit 64-bit systems since the number of available memory addresses is exponentially higher than those available for 32-bit systems. Further mitigating the chances of success, denial-of-service attacks that limit the number of connection requests coming into a vulnerable system will prevent exploitation attempts from succeeding.

All of those limitations will likely prevent CVE-2024-6387 from being mass exploited, researchers said, but there’s still the risk of targeted attacks that pepper a specific network of interest with authentication attempts over a matter of days until allowing code execution. To cover their tracks, attackers could spread requests through a large number of IP addresses in a fashion similar to password-spraying attacks. In this way, attackers could target a handful of vulnerable networks until one or more of the attempts succeeded.

The vulnerability affects the following:

  • OpenSSH versions earlier than 4.4p1 are vulnerable to this signal handler race condition unless they are patched for CVE-2006-5051 and CVE-2008-4109.
  • Versions from 4.4p1 up to, but not including, 8.5p1 are not vulnerable due to a transformative patch for CVE-2006-5051, which made a previously unsafe function secure.
  • The vulnerability resurfaces in versions from 8.5p1 up to, but not including, 9.8p1 due to the accidental removal of a critical component in a function.

Anyone running a vulnerable version should update as soon as practicable.

“RegreSSHion” vulnerability in OpenSSH gives attackers root on Linux Read More »

call-the-ant-doctor:-amputation-gives-injured-ants-a-leg-up-on-infections

Call the ant doctor: Amputation gives injured ants a leg up on infections

ant behavior, ants, ants are awesome, Biology, entomology, Science / /
video still image showing woundcare and amputation in C. maculatus

Enlarge / Scientists have observed wound care and selective amputation in Florida carpenter ants.

Florida carpenter ants (Camponotus floridanus) selectively treat the wounded limbs of their fellow ants, according to a new paper published in the journal Current Biology. Depending on the location of the injury, the ants either lick the wounds to clean them or chew off the affected limb to keep infection from spreading. The treatment is surprisingly effective, with survival rates of around 90–95 percent for amputee ants.

“When we’re talking about amputation behavior, this is literally the only case in which a sophisticated and systematic amputation of an individual by another member of its species occurs in the animal kingdom,” said co-author Erik Frank, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Würzburg in Germany. “The fact that the ants are able to diagnose a wound, see if it’s infected or sterile, and treat it accordingly over long periods of time by other individuals—the only medical system that can rival that would be the human one.”

Frank has been studying various species of ants for many years. Late last year, he co-authored a paper detailing how Matabele ants (Megaponera analis) south of the Sahara can tell if an injured comrade’s wound is infected or not, thanks to chemical changes in the hydrocarbon profile of the ant cuticle when a wound gets infected. These ants only eat termites, but termites have powerful jaws and use them to defend against predators, so there is a high risk of injury to hunting ants.

If an infected wound is identified, the ants then treat said wound with antibiotics produced by a special gland on the side of the thorax (the metapleural gland). Those secretions are made of some 112 components, half of which have antimicrobial properties. Frank et al.’s experiments showed that applying these secretions reduced the mortality rate of injured ants by 90 percent, and future research could lead to the discovery of new antibiotics suitable for treating humans. (This work was featured in an episode of a recent Netflix nature documentary, Life on Our Planet.)

Amputation in Camponotus maculatus. Credit: Danny Buffat.

Those findings caused Frank to ponder if the Matabele ant is unique in its ability to detect and treat infected wounds, so he turned his attention to the Florida carpenter ant. These reddish-brown ants nest in rotting wood and can be fiercely territorial, defending their homes from rival ant colonies. That combat comes with a high risk of injury. Florida carpenter ants lack a metapleural gland, however, so Frank et al. wondered how this species treats injured comrades. They conducted a series of experiments to find out.

Frank et al. drew their subjects from colonies of lab-raised ants (produced by queens collected during 2017 fieldwork in Florida), and ants targeted for injury were color-tagged with acrylic paint two days before each experiment. Selective injuries to tiny (ankle-like) tibias and femurs (thighs) were made with sterile Dowel-scissors, and cultivated strains of P. aeruginosa were used to infect some of those wounds, while others were left uninfected as a control. The team captured the subsequent treatment behavior of the other ants on video and subsequently analyzed that footage. They also took CT scans of the ants’ legs to learn more about the anatomical structure.

Call the ant doctor: Amputation gives injured ants a leg up on infections Read More »

tesla-posts-disappointing-production-and-sales-numbers-for-q2-2024

Tesla posts disappointing production and sales numbers for Q2 2024

Cars, Tesla, Tesla deliveries / /

line goes up —

Sales fell by 5 percent, with production cut by more.

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Tesla Inc. vehicles in a parking lot after arriving at a port in Yokohama, Japan, on Monday, May 10, 2021.

Enlarge / For some time now, Tesla has produced more cars than it has sold. This past quarter, that changed.

Toru Hanai/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Tesla published its quarterly production and delivery numbers yesterday afternoon, and anyone hoping that the last three months have marked a return to growth will be disappointed. For Q2 2024, the automaker built 418,831 electric vehicles, a 14.4 percent decrease on Q2 2023. The drop in sales wasn’t quite as bad—in Q2 2024 Tesla sold 443,956 EVs, a 4.8 percent decline, year on year.

After several boom years, even the hype-generating powers of Tesla CEO Elon Musk weren’t able to stave off the realities of a small and stagnant product line and a brutal price war, particularly in China. The first quarter of 2024 saw Tesla’s deliveries fall by 8.5 percent, the first time this number hadn’t gone up since 2020.

Later in April, we saw the effect on Tesla’s balance sheet. Profits fell by more than half, and profit margins slumped to just 5.5 percent, barely half the industry average.

In fact, there’s evidence that Musk’s vast reach through social media may be directly harming the Tesla brand at this point. A poll of more than 7,500 New York Times readers, collected earlier this year, revealed that many had a problem being associated with Tesla and Musk, with one comparing driving a Tesla to “a giant red MAGA hat.”

There may be a bright spot in the production and delivery numbers. Tesla delivered 422,405 Models 3 and Y between April and June, but it only built 386,576 at its factories in the US, Germany, and China. For many quarters, Tesla has been building more cars than it has delivered, raising questions and inspiring open source satellite image analysts to go looking for inventory from space. Now, perhaps, the automaker is clearing some of that excess inventory and matching production to more realistic expectations of demand.

In a brief text note to investors, Tesla notes that its solar energy and storage division had a bumper quarter, deploying 9.4 GWh of energy storage. This could see the division contribute up to 20 percent of Tesla’s total revenues for the quarter.

Musk’s reaction to the decline in Tesla’s automotive sales business has been to pivot. Perhaps bored of the realities of a low-margin industry surrounded by cutthroat rivals, the erratic CEO now says the future of the company will be humanoid robots, based on annual projections that bear little to no resemblance to objective reality as we know it.

Tesla investors obviously don’t mind; the company’s share price has risen by more than 8 percent since the market opened at 9: 30 am.

Tesla posts disappointing production and sales numbers for Q2 2024 Read More »

bleeding-subscribers,-cable-companies-force-their-way-into-streaming

Bleeding subscribers, cable companies force their way into streaming

Charter, Comcast, peacock, streaming, Tech / /

Enter NOW TV Latino —

Companies like Charter brought about the streaming industry they now want to join.

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A person's hand aiming a cable TV remote control at a TV screen

Getty Images | stefanamer

It’s clear that streaming services are the present and future of video distribution. But that doesn’t mean that cable companies are ready to give up on your monthly dollars.

A sign of this is Comcast, the US’ second-biggest cable company, debuting a new streaming service today. Comcast already had an offering that let subscribers stream its Xfinity cable live channels and access some titles on demand. NOW TV Latino differs in being a separate, additional streaming service that people can subscribe to independently of Xfinity cable for $10 per month.

However, unlike streaming services like Netflix or Max, you can only subscribe to NOW TV Latino if Xfinity is sold in your area. NOW TV Latino subscriptions include the ability to stream live TV from Spanish-language channels that Xfinity offers, like Sony Cine and ViendoMovies. And because Comcast owns NBCUniversal, people who subscribe to NOW TV Latino get a free subscription to Peacock with commercials, which usually costs $6/month.

From cable to streaming

In addition to NOW TV Latino, recent Comcast efforts to stay relevant in a TV and movie distribution world dominated by online streaming has centered on bundling. As streaming giants like Netflix struggle with customer churn, bundling is the current favored tactic to keep customers subscribed for longer.

Comcast is selling NOW TV Latino as a separate service, but it’s truly a Peacock bundle. The cable giant is also selling the streaming service bundled with its cable service or with its recently released streaming bundle that combines Comcast’s Peacock with Netflix, Apple TV+, and ads for $15/month.

While popular for streaming service providers, cable companies were some of the pioneers of the bundling strategy, which can overwhelm customers with confusing rates and services that some may not need. As Comcast CEO Brian Roberts said in May while announcing the aforementioned Peacock/Netflix/AppleTV+ bundle: “We’ve been bundling video successfully and creatively for 60 years, and so this is the latest iteration of that.”

Bleeding customers

The cable industry has been in a nose-dive for years. Comcast’s Q1 2024 earnings report showed its cable business losing 487,000 subscribers. The cable giant ended 2022 with 16,142,000 subscribers; in January, it had 13,600,000.

Charter, the only US cable company bigger than Comcast, is rapidly losing pay-TV subscribers, too. In its Q1 2024 earnings report, Charter reported losing 405,000 subscribers, including business accounts. It ended 2022 with 15,147,000 subscribers; at the end of March, it had 13,717,000.

And, like Comcast, Charter is looking to streaming bundles to keep its pay-TV business alive and to compete with the likes of YouTube TV and Hulu With Live TV.

In April, Charter also announced a Spanish language-focused streaming service, but in traditional cable fashion, one must subscribe to Charter’s Spectrum Internet to be able to subscribe (TV Stream Latino is $25/month). Charter also sells the ability to stream live TV from some of the channels that its cable service has.

In 2022, Charter and Comcast formed a joint venture, Xumo, that focuses on streaming but includes cable industry spins, like set-top boxes. The companies are even trying to get a piece of the money made from smart TV operating systems (OSes), with budget brands such as Hisense now selling TVs with Xumo OS.

It’s a curious time, as cable TV providers scramble to be part of an industry created in reaction to business practices that many customers viewed as anti-consumer. Meanwhile, the streaming industry is adopting some of these same practices, like commercials and incessant price hikes, to establish profitability. And some smaller streaming players say it’s nearly impossible to compete as the streaming industry’s top players are taking form and, in some cases, collaborating.

But after decades of discouraging many subscribers with few alternatives, it will be hard for former or current cable customers to view firms like Comcast and Charter as trustworthy competitive streaming providers.

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Meta defends charging fee for privacy amid showdown with EU

anti-competition, competition law, data privacy, Digital Markets Act, dma, European Commission, European Union, gdpr, General Data Protection Regulation, noyb, Policy / /
Meta defends charging fee for privacy amid showdown with EU

Meta continues to hit walls with its heavily scrutinized plan to comply with the European Union’s strict online competition law, the Digital Markets Act (DMA), by offering Facebook and Instagram subscriptions as an alternative for privacy-inclined users who want to opt out of ad targeting.

Today, the European Commission (EC) announced preliminary findings that Meta’s so-called “pay or consent” or “pay or OK” model—which gives users a choice to either pay for access to its platforms or give consent to collect user data to target ads—is not compliant with the DMA.

According to the EC, Meta’s advertising model violates the DMA in two ways. First, it “does not allow users to opt for a service that uses less of their personal data but is otherwise equivalent to the ‘personalized ads-based service.” And second, it “does not allow users to exercise their right to freely consent to the combination of their personal data,” the press release said.

Now, Meta will have a chance to review the EC’s evidence and defend its policy, with today’s findings kicking off a process that will take months. The EC’s investigation is expected to conclude next March. Thierry Breton, the commissioner for the internal market, said in the press release that the preliminary findings represent “another important step” to ensure Meta’s full compliance with the DMA.

“The DMA is there to give back to the users the power to decide how their data is used and ensure innovative companies can compete on equal footing with tech giants on data access,” Breton said.

A Meta spokesperson told Ars that Meta plans to fight the findings—which could trigger fines up to 10 percent of the company’s worldwide turnover, as well as fines up to 20 percent for repeat infringement if Meta loses.

Meta continues to claim that its “subscription for no ads” model was “endorsed” by the highest court in Europe, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), last year.

“Subscription for no ads follows the direction of the highest court in Europe and complies with the DMA,” Meta’s spokesperson said. “We look forward to further constructive dialogue with the European Commission to bring this investigation to a close.”

However, some critics have noted that the supposed endorsement was not an official part of the ruling and that particular case was not regarding DMA compliance.

The EC agreed that more talks were needed, writing in the press release, “the Commission continues its constructive engagement with Meta to identify a satisfactory path towards effective compliance.”

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NASA orders more tests on Starliner, but says crew isn’t stranded in space

Boeing, commercial crew, human spaceflight, international space station, NASA, Science, Space, starliner / /
Boeing's Starliner spacecraft is seen docked at the International Space Station on June 13.

Enlarge / Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft is seen docked at the International Space Station on June 13.

NASA and Boeing officials pushed back Friday on headlines that the commercial Starliner crew capsule is stranded at the International Space Station but said they need more time to analyze data before formally clearing the spacecraft for undocking and reentry.

Two NASA astronauts, commander Butch Wilmore and pilot Suni Williams, will spend at least a few more weeks on the space station as engineers on the ground conduct thruster tests to better understand issues with the Starliner propulsion system in orbit. Wilmore and Williams launched June 5 aboard an Atlas V rocket and docked at the station the next day, completing the first segment of Starliner’s first test flight with astronauts.

NASA managers originally planned for the Starliner spacecraft to remain docked at the space station for at least eight days, although they left open the possibility of a mission extension. The test flight is now likely to last at least a month and a half, and perhaps longer, as engineers wrestle with helium leaks and thruster glitches on Starliner’s service module.

Batteries on this Starliner spacecraft were initially only certified for a 45-day mission duration, but NASA officials said they are looking at extending the limit after confirming the batteries are functioning well.

“We have the luxury of time,” said Ken Bowersox, associate administrator for NASA’s space operations mission directorate. “We’re still in the middle of a test mission. We’re still pressing forward.”

Previously, NASA and Boeing officials delayed Starliner’s reentry and landing from mid-June, then from June 26, and now they have bypassed a potential landing opportunity in early July. Last week, NASA said in a statement that the agency’s top leadership will meet to formally review the readiness of Starliner for reentry, something that wasn’t part of the original plan.

“We’re not stuck on ISS”

Steve Stich, manager of NASA’s commercial crew program, said Friday that he wanted to clear up “misunderstandings” that led to headlines claiming the Starliner spacecraft was stuck or stranded at the space station.

“I want to make it very clear that Butch and Suni are not stranded in space,” Stich said. “Our plan is to continue to return them on Starliner and return them home at the right time. We have a little bit more work to do to get there for the final return, but they’re safe on (the) space station.”

With Starliner docked, the space station currently hosts three different crew spacecraft, including SpaceX’s Crew Dragon and Russia’s Soyuz. There are no serious plans under consideration to bring Wilmore and Williams home on a different spacecraft.

“Obviously, we have the luxury of having multiple vehicles, and we work contingency plans for lots of different cases, but right now, we’re really focused on returning Butch and Suni on Starliner,” Stich said.

“We’re not stuck on the ISS,” said Mark Nappi, Boeing’s vice president in charge of the Starliner program. “It’s pretty painful to read the things that are out there. We’ve gotten a really good test flight that’s been accomplished so far, and it’s being viewed rather negatively.”

Stich said NASA officials should have “more frequent interaction” with reporters to fill in gaps of information on the Starliner test flight. NASA’s written updates are not always timely, and often lack details and context.

NASA officials have cleared the Starliner spacecraft for an emergency return to Earth if astronauts need to evacuate the space station for safety or medical reasons. But NASA hasn’t yet approved Starliner for reentry and landing under “nominal” conditions.

“When it is a contingency situation, we’re ready to put the crew on the spacecraft and bring them home as a lifeboat,” Bowersox said. “For the nominal entry, we want to look at the data more before we make the final call to put the crew aboard the vehicle, and it’s a serious enough call that we’ll bring the senior management team together (for approval).”

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