Author name: Mike M.

historic-flooding-possible-as-ts-debby-bears-down-on-southeastern-united-states

Historic flooding possible as TS Debby bears down on southeastern United States

flood storm, hurricanes, Science, tropical storm debby / /

Not so little Debby —

Tropical rainfall and training bands, it’s going to be a soggy mess.

–

Satellite image of Tropical Storm Debby on Sunday morning.

Enlarge / Satellite image of Tropical Storm Debby on Sunday morning.

NOAA

As often happens during the month of July, the Atlantic tropics entered a lull after Hurricane Beryl struck Texas and short-lived Tropical Storm Chris moved into Mexico. But now, with African dust diminishing from the atmosphere and August well under way, the oceans have awoken.

Tropical Storm Debby formed this weekend, and according to forecasters with the National Hurricane Center, the system is likely to reach Category 1 hurricane status before making landfall along the coastal bend of western Florida on Monday.

As hurricanes go, this is not the most threatening storm the Sunshine State has seen in recent years. Yes, no one likes a hurricane, or the storm surge it brings. But Debby is likely to strike a relatively unpopulated area of Florida, venting much of its fury on preserves and wildlife areas. This won’t be pleasant by any means, but as hurricanes go this one should be fairly manageable from a wind and surge standpoint.

Major flood storm expected

But there is a far larger threat from Debby that will unfold well into next week over the southeastern United States—a major flood storm. Historic flooding is likely in areas of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina.

Debby is motoring along to the north-northwest at a fairly good clip as of Sunday morning, at 13 mph. This is a fairly common path for hurricanes as they skirt around the edge of high-pressure systems. Then, when they gain a sufficient amount of latitude—as Debby is now doing—they turn poleward and eventually move toward the northeast.

Debby is expected to meander next week.

Debby is expected to meander next week.

National Hurricane Center

And this is just what Debby is likely to do through about Monday. However, after this time it appears that high pressure building over the central Atlantic Ocean will strengthen enough to block an escape path for Debby to the northeast. Should this occur, it will bottle up the storm in the vicinity of the Georgia and Carolina coasts for two or three days.

There remains a lot of uncertainty about just where Debby will go after striking Florida. Most likely it crosses Georgia on Tuesday and, then its center may reemerge into the Atlantic Ocean. Regardless, its center will likely be near, or just offshore. From there it will be able to tap into very warm seas, in the vicinity of 83 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit.

In such a pattern, with a nearly stationary storm, rainfall bands can be continually replenished by moisture drawn in from the ocean. This produces intense tropical rainfall and “training” in which a band of rainfall more or less comes to rest over a given area, fed by offshore moisture.

Because we are still a few days from this pattern setting up, and due to the uncertainty in Debby’s path, we cannot say precisely where the heaviest rains will occur. However the Weather Prediction Center, the arm of the National Weather Service tasked with predicting rainfall amounts, is forecasting some pretty staggering totals for the period of now through Friday.

Rainfall accumulation forecast for next week from NOAA.

Enlarge / Rainfall accumulation forecast for next week from NOAA.

WeatherBell

From Savannah, Georgia, north through Hilton Head Island and Charleston, South Carolina, the Weather Prediction Center is calling for accumulations of 20 to 25 inches, with higher totals possible in some areas. Moreover, it is possible that these high rainfall totals extend dozens of miles inland.

The African wave train gets rolling

Parts of Florida and North Carolina may also see extremely high rainfall totals over the next several days, due to the uncertainty in Debby’s motion.

And that is not all. As we get deeper into August, tropical waves are starting to fire off of the west coast of Africa. One of these is now approaching the Windward Islands, and should move into the Caribbean Sea next week. There, it has a chance of developing into a tropical storm, or more. This is likely the beginning of a period of frenetic activity characteristic of August, September, and the first half of October in the Atlantic tropics.

All of this is in line with expectations from forecasters for an exceptionally busy Atlantic hurricane season. This is due both to an anomalously warm Atlantic Ocean—seas fueled by climate change are at all-time highs in the modern era—and the imminent development of La Niña in the Pacific Ocean, which creates conditions favorable for the development of hurricanes in the Atlantic basin, which includes the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico.

Historic flooding possible as TS Debby bears down on southeastern United States Read More »

“screaming-woman”-mummy-may-have-died-in-agony-3,500-years-ago,-study-finds

“Screaming Woman” mummy may have died in agony 3,500 years ago, study finds

ancient egypt, Archaeology, archaeometry, CT scanning, Egyptian mummification, forensic archaeology, paleoradiology, Science, screaming woman mummy / /

why is this mummy screaming? —

Scientists performed a “virtual autopsy” but could not determine exact cause of death.

–

The Screaming Woman mummy, closeup of head/skull surrounded by elaborate wig

Enlarge / CT scans and other techniques allowed scientists to “virtually dissect” this 3,500-year-old “Screaming Woman” mummy.

There have been a handful of ancient Egyptian mummies discovered with their mouths wide open, as if mid-scream. This has puzzled archaeologists because Egyptian mummification typically involved bandaging the mandible to the skull to keep the mouth closed. Scientists have “virtually dissected” one such “Screaming Woman” mummy and concluded that the wide-open mouth is not the result of poor mummification, according to a new paper published in the journal Frontiers in Medicine. There was no clear cause of death, but the authors suggest the mummy’s expression could indicate she died in excruciating pain.

“The Screaming Woman is a true ‘time capsule’ of the way that she died and was mummified,” said co-author Sahar Saleem, a professor of radiology at Cairo University in Egypt. “Here we show that she was embalmed with costly, imported embalming material. This, and the mummy’s well-preserved appearance, contradicts the traditional belief that a failure to remove her inner organs implied poor mummification.”

Saleem has long been involved in paleoradiology and archaeometry of “screaming”  Egyptian mummies. For instance, she co-authored a 2020 paper applying similar techniques to the study of another “Screaming Woman” mummy, dubbed Unknown Woman A by the then-head of the Egyptian Antiquities Service, Gaston Maspero, and one of two such mummies discovered in the Royal Cache at Deir el Bahari near Luxor in 1881. This was where 21st and 22nd Dynasty priests would hide the remains of royal members from earlier dynasties to thwart grave robbers.

The male mummy, which also had a screaming expression, was identified in a 2012 study (also co-authored by Saleem) as Pentawer, son of 20th Dynasty pharaoh Ramses III (1186–1155 BCE), thanks to CT scans and DNA testing. Prince Pentawer was involved in the “harem conspiracy,” resulting in the assassination of his father, although the attempted coup failed in its objective of placing Pentawer on the throne. (The 2012 CT scans of Ramses III’s mummy revealed that the pharaoh’s throat had been cut to the bone, severing the trachea, esophagus, and blood vessels.)

The prince was forced to commit suicide by hanging as punishment. His body was not properly mummified; his organs were not removed (evisceration), and no embalming fluids were placed inside his body cavity. Instead, he was ignominiously wrapped in a goat’s skin (deemed ritually “impure”) and placed in an unmarked coffin.

  • “Screaming Mummy” of a man identified as Prince Pentawer, son of Ramesses III.

    Public domain

  • Picture of the head and upper torso of the “Screaming Woman” mummy known as Unknown Woman A, possibly Meritamun, daughter of 17th Dynasty Pharaoh Seqenenre Taa.

    Zahi Hawass and Sahar N. Saleem

Maspero noted that Unknown Woman A’s wraps included inscriptions that translated into “Royal daughter, royal sister Meritamun,” but there were several princesses of that name, so this “screaming woman” mummy was officially declared unknown. The two most likely candidates were the daughter of late 17th Dynasty pharaoh Seqenenre Taa II (1558–1553 BCE) or the daughter of Nefertiti and Ramses II (1279–1213 BCE), aka Ramses the Great. Maspero thought that the unusual wide-open mouth may have been the result of improper mummification (or no mummification, like Pentawer.)

Saleem and her 2020 co-author, archaeologist Zahi Hawass, took CT scans of the mummy to learn more about who she might have been and how she died. They identified her as an older woman who likely died in her 50s and was just under 5 feet tall. The scans revealed high calcification in many of her arteries (severe atherosclerosis), indicating serious heart disease. This likely led to her sudden death from a heart attack or stroke; the authors suggest the woman was not discovered right away, so her muscles and joints stiffened—hence the unusual body position (bent legs) and the wide open mouth. In addition, or alternatively, some kind of cadaveric spasm at the moment of death may have occurred.

Unlike the remains of the patricidal Pentawer, this woman had been eviscerated; her body cavity was filled with resin and scents, and she had been wrapped in pure linen. Her brain, however, was still in the skull, desiccated and shifted to the right. Based on that detail—brain removal was more common during the 19th Dynasty, and leaving it intact was more common during the 17th Dynasty—Saleem et al. concluded that the mummy is most likely that of Meritanum, daughter of Seqenenre Taa.

“Screaming Woman” mummy may have died in agony 3,500 years ago, study finds Read More »

nasa-says-it-is-“evaluating-all-options”-for-the-safe-return-of-starliner-crew

NASA says it is “evaluating all options” for the safe return of Starliner crew

Boeing, NASA, Science, Space, starliner / /
Boeing's Starliner spacecraft is seen docked at the International Space Station on June 13.

Enlarge / Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft is seen docked at the International Space Station on June 13.

It has now been eight weeks since Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft launched into orbit on an Atlas V rocket, bound for the International Space Station. At the time NASA officials said the two crew members, Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams, could return to Earth as soon as June 14, just eight days later.

Yes, there had been some problems on Starliner’s ride to the space station that involved helium leaks and failing thrusters. But officials said they were relatively minor and sought to downplay them. “Those are pretty small, really, issues to deal with,” Mark Nappi, vice president and manager of Boeing’s Commercial Crew Program, said during a post-docking news conference. “We’ll figure them out for the next mission. I don’t see these as significant at all.”

But days turned to weeks, and weeks turned to months as NASA and Boeing continued to study the two technical problems. Of these issues, the more pressing concern was the failure of multiple reaction control system thrusters that are essential to steering Starliner during its departure from the space station and setting up a critical engine burn to enter Earth’s atmosphere.

In the last few weeks, ground teams from NASA and Boeing completed testing of a thruster on a test stand at White Sands, New Mexico. Then, last weekend, Boeing and NASA fired the spacecraft’s thrusters in orbit to check their performance while docked at the space station. NASA has said preliminary results from these tests were helpful.

Dragon becomes a real option

One week ago, the last time NASA officials spoke to the media, the agency’s program manager for commercial crew, Steve Stich, would not be drawn into discussing what would happen should NASA conclude that Starliner’s thrusters were not reliable enough for the return journey to Earth.

“Our prime option is to complete the mission,” Stich said one week ago. “There are a lot of good reasons to complete this mission and bring Butch and Suni home on Starliner. Starliner was designed, as a spacecraft, to have the crew in the cockpit.”

For a long time, it seemed almost certain that the astronauts would return to Earth inside Starliner. However, there has been a lot of recent activity at NASA, Boeing, and SpaceX that suggests that Wilmore and Williams could come home aboard a Crew Dragon spacecraft rather than Starliner. Due to the critical importance of this mission, Ars is sharing what we know as of Thursday afternoon.

One informed source said it was greater than a 50-50 chance that the crew would come back on Dragon. Another source said it was significantly more likely than not they would. To be clear, NASA has not made a final decision. This probably will not happen until at least next week. It is likely that Jim Free, NASA’s associate administrator, will make the call.

Asked if it was now more likely than not that Starliner’s crew would return on Dragon, NASA spokesperson Josh Finch told Ars on Thursday evening, ” NASA is evaluating all options for the return of agency astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams from the International Space Station as safely as possible. No decisions have been made and the agency will continue to provide updates on its planning.”

NASA says it is “evaluating all options” for the safe return of Starliner crew Read More »

metropolis-1998-lets-you-design-every-building-in-an-isometric,-pixel-art-city

Metropolis 1998 lets you design every building in an isometric, pixel-art city

cities skylines, dwarf fortress, gaming, metropolis 1998, rollercoaster tycoon, SimCity / /

Have you ever really thought about living rooms? —

Devs cite Rollercoaster Tycoon, Dwarf Fortress, and, yes, SimCity as inspiration.

–

Designing the pieces of a house in Metropolis 1998, with a series of bookshelves and couches open in the menu picker on-screen.

Enlarge / There is something so wonderfully obscene about having a town with hundreds of people living their lives, running into conflict, hoping for better, and your omnipotent self is stuck on which bookcase best fits this living room corner.

YesBox

Naming a game must be incredibly hard. How many more Dark Fallen Journeys and Noun: Verb of the Noun games can fit into the market? And yet certain games just appear with a near-perfect, properly descriptive label.

Metropolis 1998 is just such a game, telling you what you’ll be doing, how it will look and feel, and what era it harkens back to. You can verify this with its “pre-alpha” demo on Steam and Itch.io. There’s plenty more to come, but what is already in place is impressive. And it’s simply pleasant to play, especially if you’re the type who wants to make something entirely yours. Not just “put the park inside the commercial district,” but The Sims-style “choose which wood color for the dining room table in a living room you framed up yourself.”

You start out in a big field with no features (yet) and the sounds of birds chirping. Once you lay down a road, you can add things at a few different levels. You can, SimCity-style, simply plot out colored zones and let the people figure it out themselves. You can add pre-made buildings individually. Or you can really get in there, spacing out individual rooms, choosing the doors and windows and objects inside, and realizing how hard it is to shape multi-floor houses so the roof doesn’t look grotesque. You can save the filled-out house for later reuse or just hold on to its core aspects as a blueprint.

  • The author is quite proud of his first real home build, though he now realizes that living rooms have a big empty space, and it’s up to us to figure out just how empty it should remain.

    Kevin Purdy

  • It takes a bit to get used to it, but the detailed building designer is full of wonderful little pieces, like this classic speaker cabinet with the black and red wire clips visible on the back.

The game is still early in development, so its mechanics are not introduced in tutorials, and the interface requires a lot of clicking, reading, and wondering. I got a reasonable feel for it after about 30 minutes of tentative placing and bulldoze-deletion. You can save your game and come back to it, though the developers note that your saves may not transfer to future versions. You’re putting your time in now, so you’ll be ready to start fresh when the game releases into early access (“ETA sometime between Q4 2024 and Q2 2025”). If you’re into this kind of fine-toothed builder, a fresh start is a gift, anyway.

Developer video describing how the Metropolis 1998 algorithm scales to track hundreds of thousands of working objects.

Bank robberies and zombie scenarios ahead (maybe)

What will the game look like when it’s finished? Developer YesBox has a detailed roadmap and a blog detailing how it’s going. The very small team, seemingly a solo developer with art help from two others, started off in December 2021 and has achieved quite a lot, including an algorithm seemingly ready to handle big populations. A key promise of the game is that you won’t just lay down zones and wait for people and problems to show up. You will lay down specific buildings, like hospitals and police stations, and manage the usual concerns of traffic, zone demand, and the like. The “Post-1.0 Aspirations” hint at the game’s direction: “Visible Crime (e.g., watch a bank robbery),” “Zombie Mode (your police vs. your zombie population),” and “Live in your own city” in a “Sims-like mode” imply more of a toybox mentality than a “Highly realistic ports and infrastructure” ambition.

  • There’s a top-down mode in the game, useful for when you’re looking more into data than design.

    YesBox

  • With enough time and object rotation, streets look like they can get mighty pretty.

    YesBox

  • Screenshots suggest cities more complex than suburban plots are possible in Metropolis 1998.

    YesBox

  • Letting your imagination go wild with the building designer can yield all kinds of city designs

    YesBox

  • Check, check, check, check, this list of game inspirations works out, yep.

    YesBox

Metropolis 1998 is not alone in seeking out city-builder fans living in the long wake of any proper SimCity release. But unlike games like Cities: Skylines 2, it’s not seeking the kind of mechanical complexity that would see it, say, figuring out eerily familiar housing cost crises. Building this kind of game is still fiendishly complex, of course. But how that complexity is presented to the player is something else.

The most interesting line in the roadmap is “player starts with land purchased from successful business exit.” I can’t help but think of Stardew Valley, which can also sprawl to ridiculous levels but has at its core the arc of a person who got tired of the rat race and inherited a farm. I’m looking forward to this invitingly retro and human-scale city-builder, with patience and respect for what seems like a massive developer undertaking.

Metropolis 1998 lets you design every building in an isometric, pixel-art city Read More »

intel-is-offering-extended-warranties-for-crashing-13th-and-14th-gen-desktop-cpus

Intel is offering extended warranties for crashing 13th- and 14th-gen desktop CPUs

13th-generation core, 14th-generation core, Alder Lake, intel, intel core, raptor lake, Tech / /

trying to make good —

Intel’s microcode fix won’t help CPUs that are already damaged.

–

Even mainstream CPUs like the Core i5-13400 could theoretically be affected by Intel's crashing issues.

Enlarge / Even mainstream CPUs like the Core i5-13400 could theoretically be affected by Intel’s crashing issues.

Andrew Cunningham

Intel will be releasing a microcode update to prevent further damage to crashing 13th- and 14th-generation desktop processors sometime this month if it can stick to its previously announced schedule. This fix should be available via BIOS updates from PC and motherboard makers and from Microsoft as a Windows update. But it will take time for those updates to roll out to users, and Intel has said that processors that are already exhibiting crashes have been permanently damaged and won’t be fixed by the microcode update.

In an effort to provide peace of mind to buyers and cover anyone whose CPU is subtly damaged but not showing explicit signs of instability, Intel is extending the warranty on all affected 13th- and 14th-generation CPUs by an additional two years, Tom’s Hardware reports. This raises the warranty on a new boxed Intel CPU from three years to five. For processors that came installed in pre-built PCs, Intel says users should reach out to their PC’s manufacturer for support instead.

Though owners of high-end chips like the Core i9-13900K and Core i9-14900K were the most frequently affected by the crashing issue, Intel says that any 13th- or 14th-generation desktop CPU with a base power of 65 W or higher could ultimately be affected. This means that even slower, more budget-oriented chips like the Core i5-13400 could end up having problems.

According to Intel, the root cause of the issue was “a microcode algorithm resulting in incorrect voltage requests to the processor,” a bug that caused motherboards to supply too much power to a CPU. This resulted in damage to the silicon over time, leading to crashing and instability. The problem was also exacerbated by enthusiast motherboards that didn’t stick to Intel’s recommended default power and performance settings.

Intel says it is “investigating options to easily identify affected processors” to help give users peace of mind, and it will have more to share on both these testing options and the details of the extended warranty “in the coming days.” Anyone experiencing problems should reach out to Intel or their PC’s manufacturer, depending on whether they bought a separate CPU or a complete system.

Intel is offering extended warranties for crashing 13th- and 14th-gen desktop CPUs Read More »

san-francisco-to-ban-software-that-“enables-price-collusion”-by-landlords

San Francisco to ban software that “enables price collusion” by landlords

Policy, realpage, san francisco realpage, yardi / /

Algorithmic devices —

Software helps landlords “indirectly coordinate” by sharing nonpublic information.

–

View of a San Francisco street with apartment buildings and parked cars along the side of the road.

Enlarge / View of San Francisco with Russian Hill in the background.

Getty Images | Terraxplorer

San Francisco’s Board of Supervisors this week approved a ban on software that is allegedly used by landlords to collude on rent prices. Board of Supervisors President Aaron Peskin recently proposed what his office called “the first local ordinance in the country banning the sale or use of software which enables price collusion among large corporate landlords for the purpose of rent-gouging.”

The ordinance was approved on a first reading by a 10-0 vote by the board on Tuesday. It still needs to pass a final vote scheduled for September 3, Bloomberg wrote.

The ban targets software companies RealPage and Yardi. “RealPage has exacerbated our rent crisis and empowered corporate landlords to intentionally keep units vacant. So we’re taking action locally to ensure our working renters can afford to live here,” Peskin said.

RealPage and Yardi “collect and combine proprietary large landlord data and make pricing and occupancy recommendations,” Peskin’s office said. “These recommendations then effectively become the lay of the land, with multiple investigations finding they amount to illegal price-fixing. RealPage’s own executives have told investors that its software has driven double-digit increases in rents, increased ‘turnover’ of units, and increased vacancy rates.”

A March 2024 White House statement criticized the use of algorithms to set rent prices. “In a recent filing, the Department of Justice (DOJ) made clear its position that inflated rents caused by algorithmic use of sensitive nonpublic pricing and supply information violate antitrust laws,” the White House statement said. “Earlier this month, the Federal Trade Commission and DOJ filed a joint brief further arguing that it is illegal for landlords and property managers to collude on pricing to inflate rents—including when using algorithms to do so.”

The FTC/DOJ brief was filed in a class-action case against Yardi and property owners in US District Court for the Western District of Washington. There were also numerous lawsuits against RealPage and property owners, and those cases were consolidated into one case in a Tennessee federal court. The District of Columbia’s attorney general sued RealPage and landlords as well.

RealPage says its software helps renters

In June, RealPage issued a statement addressing what it called “false and misleading claims about RealPage and its revenue management software.” RealPage said its software “benefits both housing providers and residents.”

“RealPage revenue management software makes price recommendations in all directions—up, down, or no change—to align with property-specific objectives of the housing providers using the software,” the company said. RealPage said its property-owning customers can accept or reject the software’s price recommendations, and that the “revenue management software never recommends that a customer withhold vacant units from the market.”

The consolidated class action complaint alleged that vacancy rates rose because property owners “could (and did) allow a larger share of their units to remain vacant, thereby artificially restricting supply, while maintaining higher rental prices across their properties. This behavior is only rational if Defendants know that their competitors are setting rental prices using RealPage’s RMS [revenue management software] and thus would not attempt to undercut them.”

We asked RealPage and Yardi whether they plan to challenge the San Francisco ordinance in court and will update this article if we get any comment.

“While we share the San Francisco Board of Supervisors’ goal of helping renters, this ordinance will do nothing to make housing more affordable in the city, where there is a severe supply shortage of rental units that needs to be addressed,” a RealPage spokesperson told KRON4 after the vote.

RealPage told KRON4 that its “software is purposely built to be legally compliant and can be configured to comply with the new ordinance should it pass a final vote.” It also criticized the San Francisco board for what it called a “misplaced focus on nonpublic information.”

Ban on “algorithmic devices”

The San Francisco proposal said the software “programs enable landlords to indirectly coordinate with one another through the sharing of nonpublic competitively sensitive data, in order to artificially inflate rents and vacancy rates for rental housing. Participating landlords provide vast amounts of proprietary data to the programs, which in turn do not just summarize statistical data, but also perform calculations with the data to then set or provide recommendations for rent and occupancy levels.”

The ordinance “would prohibit the sale or use of ‘algorithmic devices’ to set, recommend, or advise on rents or occupancy levels for residential rental units in San Francisco.” It defines “algorithmic device” as including revenue management software “that uses algorithms to analyze nonpublic competitor rental data for the purposes of providing a landlord recommendations on whether to leave their unit vacant or on what rent to charge.”

“An entity that sold such a device for use on residential rental units in San Francisco, or a San Francisco landlord that used such a device, could face a civil action and be ordered to pay damages, restitution, civil penalties of up to $1,000 per violation, and/or attorneys’ fees,” the proposal said.

San Francisco to ban software that “enables price collusion” by landlords Read More »

senators-propose-“digital-replication-right”-for-likeness,-extending-70-years-after-death

Senators propose “Digital replication right” for likeness, extending 70 years after death

AI, AI regulation, Amy Klobuchar, Biz & IT, Chris Coons, machine learning, Marsha Blackburn, NO FAKES act, Policy, Thom Tillis / /

NO SCRUBS —

Law would hold US individuals and firms liable for ripping off a person’s digital likeness.

–

A stock photo illustration of a person's face lit with pink light.

On Wednesday, US Sens. Chris Coons (D-Del.), Marsha Blackburn (R.-Tenn.), Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.), and Thom Tillis (R-NC) introduced the Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe (NO FAKES) Act of 2024. The bipartisan legislation, up for consideration in the US Senate, aims to protect individuals from unauthorized AI-generated replicas of their voice or likeness.

The NO FAKES Act would create legal recourse for people whose digital representations are created without consent. It would hold both individuals and companies liable for producing, hosting, or sharing these unauthorized digital replicas, including those created by generative AI. Due to generative AI technology that has become mainstream in the past two years, creating audio or image media fakes of people has become fairly trivial, with easy photorealistic video replicas likely next to arrive.

In a press statement, Coons emphasized the importance of protecting individual rights in the age of AI. “Everyone deserves the right to own and protect their voice and likeness, no matter if you’re Taylor Swift or anyone else,” he said, referring to a widely publicized deepfake incident involving the musical artist in January. “Generative AI can be used as a tool to foster creativity, but that can’t come at the expense of the unauthorized exploitation of anyone’s voice or likeness.”

The introduction of the NO FAKES Act follows the Senate’s passage of the DEFIANCE Act, which allows victims of sexual deepfakes to sue for damages.

In addition to the Swift saga, over the past few years, we’ve seen AI-powered scams involving fake celebrity endorsements, the creation of misleading political content, and situations where school kids have used AI tech to create pornographic deepfakes of classmates. Recently, X CEO Elon Musk shared a video that featured an AI-generated voice of Vice President Kamala Harris saying things she didn’t say in real life.

These incidents, in addition to concerns about actors’ likenesses being replicated without permission, have created an increasing sense of urgency among US lawmakers, who want to limit the impact of unauthorized digital likenesses. Currently, certain types of AI-generated deepfakes are already illegal due to a patchwork of federal and state laws, but this new act hopes to unify likeness regulation around the concept of “digital replicas.”

Digital replicas

An AI-generated image of a person.

Enlarge / An AI-generated image of a person.

Benj Edwards / Ars Technica

To protect a person’s digital likeness, the NO FAKES Act introduces a “digital replication right” that gives individuals exclusive control over the use of their voice or visual likeness in digital replicas. This right extends 10 years after death, with possible five-year extensions if actively used. It can be licensed during life and inherited after death, lasting up to 70 years after an individual’s death. Along the way, the bill defines what it considers to be a “digital replica”:

DIGITAL REPLICA.-The term “digital replica” means a newly created, computer-generated, highly realistic electronic representation that is readily identifiable as the voice or visual likeness of an individual that- (A) is embodied in a sound recording, image, audiovisual work, including an audiovisual work that does not have any accompanying sounds, or transmission- (i) in which the actual individual did not actually perform or appear; or (ii) that is a version of a sound recording, image, or audiovisual work in which the actual individual did perform or appear, in which the fundamental character of the performance or appearance has been materially altered; and (B) does not include the electronic reproduction, use of a sample of one sound recording or audiovisual work into another, remixing, mastering, or digital remastering of a sound recording or audiovisual work authorized by the copyright holder.

(There’s some irony in the mention of an “audiovisual work that does not have any accompanying sounds.”)

Since this bill bans types of artistic expression, the NO FAKES Act includes provisions that aim to balance IP protection with free speech. It provides exclusions for recognized First Amendment protections, such as documentaries, biographical works, and content created for purposes of comment, criticism, or parody.

In some ways, those exceptions could create a very wide protection gap that may be difficult to enforce without specific court decisions on a case-by-case basis. But without them, the NO FAKES Act could potentially stifle Americans’ constitutionally protected rights of free expression since the concept of “digital replicas” outlined in the bill includes any “computer-generated, highly realistic” digital likeness of a real person, whether AI-generated or not. For example, is a photorealistic Photoshop illustration of a person “computer-generated?” Similar questions may lead to uncertainty in enforcement.

Wide support from entertainment industry

So far, the NO FAKES Act has gained support from various entertainment industry groups, including Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA), the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the Motion Picture Association, and the Recording Academy. These organizations have been actively seeking protections against unauthorized AI re-creations.

The bill has also been endorsed by entertainment companies such as The Walt Disney Company, Warner Music Group, Universal Music Group, Sony Music, the Independent Film & Television Alliance, William Morris Endeavor, Creative Arts Agency, the Authors Guild, and Vermillio.

Several tech companies, including IBM and OpenAI, have also backed the NO FAKES Act. Anna Makanju, OpenAI’s vice president of global affairs, said in a statement that the act would protect creators and artists from improper impersonation. “OpenAI is pleased to support the NO FAKES Act, which would protect creators and artists from unauthorized digital replicas of their voices and likenesses,” she said.

In a statement, Coons highlighted the collaborative effort behind the bill’s development. “I am grateful for the bipartisan partnership of Senators Blackburn, Klobuchar, and Tillis and the support of stakeholders from across the entertainment and technology industries as we work to find the balance between the promise of AI and protecting the inherent dignity we all have in our own personhood.”

Senators propose “Digital replication right” for likeness, extending 70 years after death Read More »

the-10-things-car-buyers-say-they-want-in-their-next-car

The 10 things car buyers say they want in their next car

car buying, Cars / /

how much will you pay though? —

The data explains why we keep seeing certain features on many new cars.

–

Salesman handling car keys to customer

Getty Images

A wireless charging pad is now the most-desired in-car feature among people intending to buy a new vehicle. Being able to forget about a USB cable and still not run down one’s battery topped the list of 163 features that AutoPacific asked about in its annual survey on future demand. Almost 15,000 people intending to buy a new car within the next three years replied to the survey, with 44 percent ticking the box for wireless charging for the front passengers.

This market research data is rather illuminating; as we test new cars, they’re increasingly equipped with features or gadgets that don’t seem exactly necessary—an extra infotainment screen for the front seat passenger, for example, or remote parking via a smartphone app. Sometimes, the features are even mandatory—several luxury brands won’t let you order certain cars without a glass moonroof.

These decisions are justified by product planners as responding to customer demand, so it’s helpful to see one of the sources that feeds into that.

In joint second place were a second wireless charging pad for the back seats and heated and ventilated seats. These were each picked by 37 percent, narrowly beating out rain-sensing windscreen wipers (36 percent).

The aforementioned moonroof (or sunroof) shared fifth place (35 percent) with having the ability to store more than one driver profile. Interestingly, this feature has grown in popularity over the years, rising from 19th-most requested in 2022 up to 10th-most in 2023. More and more automakers are moving to Android Automotive OS, which uses Google accounts to bring a driver’s digital life seamlessly into their vehicle; others are building their own solutions on private clouds, but either way, it’s increasingly becoming built into every new car we test. (It’s probably time I created a Google account to test out those features on AAOS cars going forward, too.)

Seventh on the list is a feature that requires a car to be electrified—it’s a household 110 V socket (34 percent). Ford’s much in-demand Maverick hybrid pickup—now in AWD, too—is a good example, with some EVs offering enough onboard juice to run a little outdoor office or movie theater.

I’m not sure I can remember seeing rear sunshades in a car—I probably wasn’t looking—but a third of survey respondents wanted them in their next vehicle. Only 32 percent showed interest in rear-cross traffic alert with automatic emergency braking.

I’m surprised this safety tech didn’t rate higher—its value is easily proven when reversing in a crowded parking lot when the spaces on either side of your car are occupied by gargantuan SUVs and pickups. Perhaps the other two-thirds only ever reverse into parking spaces? That’s certainly safer and much easier to do now that backup cameras have been legally required for the past few years.

Who wants hands-free?

Finally, 31 percent of the people who replied to AutoPacific also said that a built-in air compressor would be on their list, too. Notably, hands-free driving tech like Super Cruise or Autopilot did not crack the top 10.

But perhaps first place should really have gone to unresponsive driver detection. AutoPacific says that this idea was represented by two different options: a system that stops the car in its lane and a system that pulls the car over to the shoulder in the event of an unresponsive driver. When combined (45 percent), the demand for these two features edged out the demand seen in 2023 (43 percent) for a less well-defined unresponsive driver system.

The 10 things car buyers say they want in their next car Read More »

apple-stealthily-adds-minor-features-in-ios-176,-macos-14.6-releases

Apple stealthily adds minor features in iOS 17.6, macOS 14.6 releases

Apple, iOS, iOS 17, iOS 17.6, iPadOS, iPadOS 17, iPadOS 17.6, macOS, macos sonoma, macOS Sonoma 14.6, software updates, Tech, tvos, tvOS 17, tvOS 17.6, watchos, watchOS 10, watchOS 10.6 / /

Catch Up —

The M3 MacBook Pro now supports multiple external monitors.

–

An iPhone lies on a wood surface, showing the Software Update panel on its screen

Enlarge / iOS 17.6 installing on an iPhone 13 Pro.

Samuel Axon

Apple has some minor updates for all its operating systems, and the releases include iOS 17.6, iPadOS 17.6, tvOS 17.6, watchOS 10.6, and macOS Sonoma 14.6.

Apple’s notes for these updates simply say they include bug fixes, security updates, or optimizations. However, there are a few hidden features.

macOS 14.6 reportedly enables multi-display support in clamshell mode on the M3 MacBook Pro, allowing users of that device to use two external displays at once. That was already possible on the M3 Pro and M3 Max variations. Apple had previously released a similar update to bring that functionality to the M3 MacBook Air.

iOS 17.6 and iPadOS 17.6 have added a feature called Catch Up, which is targeted at sports fans who use Apple’s TV app.

The feature allows users to watch a quick sequence of highlights that have been produced so far from an in-progress Major League Soccer game before joining the live feed.

That’s about it, though. These are minor updates, and they are likely the final ones other than security hotfixes until Apple begins rolling out its annual updates, such as iOS 18 and macOS Sequoia 15, later this fall.

Those updates are expected to include several new features, though the biggest—Apple Intelligence, a suite of generative AI features—will not arrive until iOS 18.1, which was just released as a developer beta for the first time.

iOS 17.6, iPadOS 17.6, tvOS 17.6, watchOS 10.6, and macOS Sonoma 14.6 are available to download and install on all supported devices now.

Apple stealthily adds minor features in iOS 17.6, macOS 14.6 releases Read More »

outsourcing-emotion:-the-horror-of-google’s-“dear-sydney”-ai-ad

Outsourcing emotion: The horror of Google’s “Dear Sydney” AI ad

2024 olympics, AI, Google, Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot / /
Here's an idea: Don't be a deadbeat and do it yourself!

Enlarge / Here’s an idea: Don’t be a deadbeat and do it yourself!

If you’ve watched any Olympics coverage this week, you’ve likely been confronted with an ad for Google’s Gemini AI called “Dear Sydney.” In it, a proud father seeks help writing a letter on behalf of his daughter, who is an aspiring runner and superfan of world-record-holding hurdler Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone.

“I’m pretty good with words, but this has to be just right,” the father intones before asking Gemini to “Help my daughter write a letter telling Sydney how inspiring she is…” Gemini dutifully responds with a draft letter in which the LLM tells the runner, on behalf of the daughter, that she wants to be “just like you.”

Every time I see this ad, it puts me on edge in a way I’ve had trouble putting into words (though Gemini itself has some helpful thoughts). As someone who writes words for a living, the idea of outsourcing a writing task to a machine brings up some vocational anxiety. And the idea of someone who’s “pretty good with words” doubting his abilities when the writing “has to be just right” sets off alarm bells regarding the superhuman framing of AI capabilities.

But I think the most offensive thing about the ad is what it implies about the kinds of human tasks Google sees AI replacing. Rather than using LLMs to automate tedious busywork or difficult research questions, “Dear Sydney” presents a world where Gemini can help us offload a heartwarming shared moment of connection with our children.

The “Dear Sydney” ad.

It’s a distressing answer to what’s still an incredibly common question in the AI space: What do you actually use these things for?

Yes, I can help

Marketers have a difficult task when selling the public on their shiny new AI tools. An effective ad for an LLM has to make it seem like a superhuman do-anything machine but also an approachable, friendly helper. An LLM has to be shown as good enough to reliably do things you can’t (or don’t want to) do yourself, but not so good that it will totally replace you.

Microsoft’s 2024 Super Bowl ad for Copilot is a good example of an attempt to thread this needle, featuring a handful of examples of people struggling to follow their dreams in the face of unseen doubters. “Can you help me?” those dreamers ask Copilot with various prompts. “Yes, I can help” is the message Microsoft delivers back, whether through storyboard images, an impromptu organic chemistry quiz, or “code for a 3D open world game.”

Microsoft’s Copilot marketing sells it as a helper for achieving your dreams.

The “Dear Sydney” ad tries to fit itself into this same box, technically. The prompt in the ad starts with “Help my daughter…” and the tagline at the end offers “A little help from Gemini.” If you look closely near the end, you’ll also see Gemini’s response starts with “Here’s a draft to get you started.” And to be clear, there’s nothing inherently wrong with using an LLM as a writing assistant in this way, especially if you have a disability or are writing in a non-native language.

But the subtle shift from Microsoft’s “Help me” to Google’s “Help my daughter” changes the tone of things. Inserting Gemini into a child’s heartfelt request for parental help makes it seem like the parent in question is offloading their responsibilities to a computer in the coldest, most sterile way possible. More than that, it comes across as an attempt to avoid an opportunity to bond with a child over a shared interest in a creative way.

It’s one thing to use AI to help you with the most tedious parts of your job, as people do in recent ads for Salesforce’s Einstein AI. It’s another to tell your daughter to go ask the computer for help pouring their heart out to their idol.

Outsourcing emotion: The horror of Google’s “Dear Sydney” AI ad Read More »

logitech-has-an-idea-for-a-“forever-mouse”-that-requires-a-subscription

Logitech has an idea for a “forever mouse” that requires a subscription

Logitech, Mice, Mouse, self-r, subscriptions, Tech / /

“I don’t think we’re necessarily super far away from that.” —

Exec says mouse that requires a regular fee for software updates is possible.

–

Studio shot of hand using computer mouse

Logitech CEO Hanneke Faber recently discussed the possibility of one day selling a mouse that customers can use “forever.” The executive said such a mouse isn’t “necessarily super far away” and will rely on software updates, likely delivered through a subscription model.

Speaking on a July 29 episode of The Verge’s Decoder podcast, Faber, who Logitech appointed as CEO in October, said that members of a “Logitech innovation center” showed her “a forever mouse” and compared it to a nice but not “super expensive” watch. She said:

… I’m not planning to throw that watch away ever. So why would I be throwing my mouse or my keyboard away if it’s a fantastic-quality, well-designed, software-enabled mouse? The forever mouse is one of the things that we’d like to get to.

The concept mouse that Faber examined was “a little heavier” than the typical mouse. But what drives its longevity potential for Logitech is the idea of constantly updated software and services.

To be clear, Logitech hasn’t announced concrete plans to release such a product. But Faber seemed optimistic about the idea of a mouse that people never need to replace. The challenge, she admitted, is finding a business model that supports that idea without requiring an exorbitant hardware price. “Our stuff will have to change, but does the hardware have to change?” she asked. “I’m not so sure. We’ll have to obviously fix it and figure out what that business model is. We’re not at the forever mouse today, but I’m intrigued by the thought.”

The price of a “forever mouse”

Speaking with Faber, Decoder host and Verge Editor-in-Chief Nilay Patel suggested that a “forever mouse” could cost $200. While that would be expensive compared to the typical mouse, such a product wouldn’t be the first software-heavy, three-figure-price computer mouse. Still, a price tag of around $200 would limit the audience to professionals or enthusiasts.

Faber also said the average price of a mouse or keyboard is $26, though she didn’t cite her source. Logitech is seeking growth by appealing to the many people who don’t own both a mouse and keyboard and by selling more expensive devices. A “forever mouse” could fall under the latter. Alternatively, the price of the mouse’s hardware could be subsidized by subscription payments.

In any case, pushing out software updates would require Logitech to convince its customers to use an app to control their mouse. Such software can offer a lot of programmability and macro support, but the need to constantly run peripheral software could be a nuisance that eats up computer resources. Earlier this year, users complained when Logitech added a ChatGPT launcher to its peripherals.

Mouse subscription

Subscription models have been gaining popularity among business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) tech companies because they offer a more reliable, recurring revenue source than hardware sales. When Patel asked Faber if she could “envision a subscription mouse,” she responded, “possibly.”

Faber said subscription software updates would mean that people wouldn’t need to worry about their mouse. The business model is similar to what Logitech already does with video conferencing services (Logitech’s B2B business includes Logitech Select, a subscription service offering things like apps, 24/7 support, and advanced RMA).

Having to pay a regular fee for full use of a peripheral could deter customers, though. HP is trying a similar idea with rentable printers that require a monthly fee. The printers differ from the idea of the forever mouse in that the HP hardware belongs to HP, not the user. However, concerns around tracking and the addition of ongoing expenses are similar.

What about hardware durability?

Logitech’s CEO didn’t discuss what durability features a long-lasting mouse might incorporate. But enabling easier self-repairs and upgrades would be a different approach to a longer-lasting computer mouse that could more directly appeal to users.

Logitech already sells parts for self-repairs of some of its mice and other gadgets through iFixit. This shop could be expanded to feature more parts, offer more guides, and support more products.

A “forever mouse” would also benefit from a design with self-repairability in mind. Features like hot-swappability for mouse button switches for upgrades/repairs; easily replaceable shells, wheels, and feet; detachable cables; and customization options—all accompanied by readily available parts and guides—could go a long way toward making a mouse that fits users’ long-term needs.

During the interview, Faber also discussed Logitech’s goals of doubling its business and cutting its carbon footprint by 50 percent by 2031.

Logitech has an idea for a “forever mouse” that requires a subscription Read More »

hackers-exploit-vmware-vulnerability-that-gives-them-hypervisor-admin

Hackers exploit VMware vulnerability that gives them hypervisor admin

Biz & IT, hypervisor, ransomware, Security, vmware / /

AUTHENTICATION NOT REQUIRED —

Create new group called “ESX Admins” and ESXi automatically gives it admin rights.

–

Hackers exploit VMware vulnerability that gives them hypervisor admin

Getty Images

Microsoft is urging users of VMware’s ESXi hypervisor to take immediate action to ward off ongoing attacks by ransomware groups that give them full administrative control of the servers the product runs on.

The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2024-37085, allows attackers who have already gained limited system rights on a targeted server to gain full administrative control of the ESXi hypervisor. Attackers affiliated with multiple ransomware syndicates—including Storm-0506, Storm-1175, Octo Tempest, and Manatee Tempest—have been exploiting the flaw for months in numerous post-compromise attacks, meaning after the limited access has already been gained through other means.

Admin rights assigned by default

Full administrative control of the hypervisor gives attackers various capabilities, including encrypting the file system and taking down the servers they host. The hypervisor control can also allow attackers to access hosted virtual machines to either exfiltrate data or expand their foothold inside a network. Microsoft discovered the vulnerability under exploit in the normal course of investigating the attacks and reported it to VMware. VMware parent company Broadcom patched the vulnerability on Thursday.

“Microsoft security researchers identified a new post-compromise technique utilized by ransomware operators like Storm-0506, Storm-1175, Octo Tempest, and Manatee Tempest in numerous attacks,” members of the Microsoft Threat Intelligence team wrote Monday. “In several cases, the use of this technique has led to Akira and Black Basta ransomware deployments.”

The post went on to document an astonishing discovery: escalating hypervisor privileges on ESXi to unrestricted admin was as simple as creating a new domain group named “ESX Admins.” From then on, any user assigned to the domain—including newly created ones—automatically became admin, with no authentication necessary. As the Microsoft post explained:

Further analysis of the vulnerability revealed that VMware ESXi hypervisors joined to an Active Directory domain consider any member of a domain group named “ESX Admins” to have full administrative access by default. This group is not a built-in group in Active Directory and does not exist by default. ESXi hypervisors do not validate that such a group exists when the server is joined to a domain and still treats any members of a group with this name with full administrative access, even if the group did not originally exist. Additionally, the membership in the group is determined by name and not by security identifier (SID).

Creating the new domain group can be accomplished with just two commands:

  • net group “ESX Admins” /domain /add
  • net group “ESX Admins” username /domain /add

They said over the past year, ransomware actors have increasingly targeted ESXi hypervisors in attacks that allow them to mass encrypt data with only a “few clicks” required. By encrypting the hypervisor file system, all virtual machines hosted on it are also encrypted. The researchers also said that many security products have limited visibility into and little protection of the ESXi hypervisor.

The ease of exploitation, coupled with the medium severity rating VMware assigned to the vulnerability, a 6.8 out of a possible 10, prompted criticism from some experienced security professionals.

ESXi is a Type 1 hypervisor, also known as a bare-metal hypervisor, meaning it’s an operating system unto itself that’s installed directly on top of a physical server. Unlike Type 2 hypervisors, Type 1 hypervisors don’t run on top of an operating system such as Windows or Linux. Guest operating systems then run on top. Taking control of the ESXi hypervisor gives attackers enormous power.

The Microsoft researchers described one attack they observed by the Storm-0506 threat group to install ransomware known as Black Basta. As intermediate steps, Storm-0506 installed malware known as Qakbot and exploited a previously fixed Windows vulnerability to facilitate the installation of two hacking tools, one known as Cobalt Strike and the other Mimikatz. The researchers wrote:

Earlier this year, an engineering firm in North America was affected by a Black Basta ransomware deployment by Storm-0506. During this attack, the threat actor used the CVE-2024-37085 vulnerability to gain elevated privileges to the ESXi hypervisors within the organization.

The threat actor gained initial access to the organization via Qakbot infection, followed by the exploitation of a Windows CLFS vulnerability (CVE-2023-28252) to elevate their privileges on affected devices. The threat actor then used Cobalt Strike and Pypykatz (a Python version of Mimikatz) to steal the credentials of two domain administrators and to move laterally to four domain controllers.

On the compromised domain controllers, the threat actor installed persistence mechanisms using custom tools and a SystemBC implant. The actor was also observed attempting to brute force Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) connections to multiple devices as another method for lateral movement, and then again installing Cobalt Strike and SystemBC. The threat actor then tried to tamper with Microsoft Defender Antivirus using various tools to avoid detection.

Microsoft observed that the threat actor created the “ESX Admins” group in the domain and added a new user account to it, following these actions, Microsoft observed that this attack resulted in encrypting of the ESXi file system and losing functionality of the hosted virtual machines on the ESXi hypervisor.   The actor was also observed to use PsExec to encrypt devices that are not hosted on the ESXi hypervisor. Microsoft Defender Antivirus and automatic attack disruption in Microsoft Defender for Endpoint were able to stop these encryption attempts in devices that had the unified agent for Defender for Endpoint installed.

The attack chain used by Storm-0506.

Enlarge / The attack chain used by Storm-0506.

Microsoft

Anyone with administrative responsibility for ESXi hypervisors should prioritize investigating and patching this vulnerability. The Microsoft post provides several methods for identifying suspicious modifications to the ESX Admins group or other potential signs of this vulnerability being exploited.

Hackers exploit VMware vulnerability that gives them hypervisor admin Read More »